Seamless model interoperability for software design and analysis

Software development has now become a critical process that handles a plethora of sensitive and mission critical information that involves lives, money and time. As such, designing such a critical piece of software has become even more critical and requires a solid logical or mathematical analysis behind it to ensure the reliability of the software. Modelling is one of the preferred methods for software designers to express their design, especially through easy to use modeling languages such as UML (Unified Modelling Language). However the lack of formal analysis capabilities in UML makes it necessary for a redundant formal model to be created as well, in order to analyze the design. Model interoperability as referred to in this paper promotes the use of UML, to be paired seamlessly with a formal model that is capable in performing formal mathematical analysis on the software design

A Survey of UML Tools

Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a modeling language widely used in the field of software engineering. It is a standard to visualize the design of a system structurally and behaviorally. UML tools are software tools used to create UML diagrams, perform model and diagram interchange, model transformation, code generation, reverse engineering and round-trip engineering, There are many free UML tools available to be downloaded in the internet. This paper serves as a survey for ten UML tools and gives recommendation to users on which UML tools to be used in different situations. The result of the survey is tabulated so that users are easily able to compare the ten UML tools based on the criteria set by the author

A Model Driven Method to Represent Free Choice Petri Nets as Sequence Diagram

The role of modelling is important in software or system development. Modelling provides a way for developers to perform model design, model analysis and model synthesis. However, each phase have different requirements which leads to the use of different modelling language for each phase. For example, in model design, usually UML is used due to its semi-formal notational nature, making it easier for developers and other stakeholders without prior knowledge on modelling or programming language to understand. In model analysis, due to its mathematical needs in carrying out mathematical analysis, a modelling language with formal semantics like Petri Net is needed. This results in a condition called heterogeneity, where two modelling language could not communicate with each other. This paper aims to bridge the gap by introducing transformation rules between two type of modelling language which is Petri Net (from model analysis) and UML Sequence Diagram (from model design). This paper also aims to introduce a method of applying Model Driven Development (MDD) model transformation from Petri Nets to UML Sequence Diagram

A Survey of Petri Net Tools

Petri net is a mathematical modeling language that can be used to describe a system graphically. It is a strong language that can be used to represent parallel or concurrent activities in a system. With the ease of a Petri net tool, users can view the overall system graphically and edit It with the editor. A Petri net tool can also be used to analyze the performance of the system, generate code, simulate the system and perform model checking on it. A review on twenty Petri net tools in this paper will give the readers an idea on what is a Petri net tool and the main functions of a Petri net tool. This paper can also serve as an introduction of twenty Petri net tools to the reader. however, to date, there are many Petri net tools available to be downloaded online. This survey paper aims to compare twenty Petri net tools in different aspect. This is important as users will not have to read the reviews of Petri net tools online one by one. Just be having a look at the discussion provided, readers can determined the best recommended Petri net tools to be used based on their operating systems and the types of Petri net tool to be analyzed. The main purpose of this survey paper is to recommend Petri net tools to users based on the operating system and the types of Petri net to be analyzed

Sequence diagram synthesis theory for stitching together multiple sequence diagrams through formal semantics modelling

The aim for this thesis is to bridge the gap between Sequence Diagram, Petri Nets and SD2PN. Sequence Diagram is a behavioral type of UML diagram widely used by software developers to show dynamic interactions in a system, while Petri Net is a modelling language that is able to carry out mathematical analysis for a system that is also capable of expressing dynamic interaction in a system. SD2PN is a tool that enables software developers to map Sequence Diagram to Petri Nets. Software developers are able to map Sequence Diagram to Petri Nets and perform mathematical analysis using Petri Net tools to check for any error before the actual coding phase. This will in turn result in less error during the coding phase. However, SD2PN only supports one way mapping, which is from Sequence Diagram to Petri Nets. Users have to manually update the Sequence Diagram if any error is to be found when analyzing the Petri Nets. This thesis aims to find a way to map Petri Nets back to Sequence Diagram, so that software developers are able to map the Petri Nets back to Sequence Diagram instead of updating the Sequence Diagram manually. This is the main motivation for this thesis, which is to create an algorithm for mapping Petri Nets to UML Sequence Diagram. This thesis is also been done to fulfill the requirement of my masters study

Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Background The effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease who are at risk for disease progression are not well understood. The EMPA-KIDNEY trial was designed to assess the effects of treatment with empagliflozin in a broad range of such patients. Methods We enrolled patients with chronic kidney disease who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 20 but less than 45 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area, or who had an eGFR of at least 45 but less than 90 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine measured in grams) of at least 200. Patients were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or matching placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of progression of kidney disease (defined as end-stage kidney disease, a sustained decrease in eGFR to < 10 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2), a sustained decrease in eGFR of & GE;40% from baseline, or death from renal causes) or death from cardiovascular causes. Results A total of 6609 patients underwent randomization. During a median of 2.0 years of follow-up, progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 432 of 3304 patients (13.1%) in the empagliflozin group and in 558 of 3305 patients (16.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.82; P < 0.001). Results were consistent among patients with or without diabetes and across subgroups defined according to eGFR ranges. The rate of hospitalization from any cause was lower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.95; P=0.003), but there were no significant between-group differences with respect to the composite outcome of hospitalization for heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes (which occurred in 4.0% in the empagliflozin group and 4.6% in the placebo group) or death from any cause (in 4.5% and 5.1%, respectively). The rates of serious adverse events were similar in the two groups. Conclusions Among a wide range of patients with chronic kidney disease who were at risk for disease progression, empagliflozin therapy led to a lower risk of progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes than placebo

Search for Scalar Diphoton Resonances in the Mass Range 65−60065-600 GeV with the ATLAS Detector in pppp Collision Data at s\sqrt{s} = 8 TeVTeV

A search for scalar particles decaying via narrow resonances into two photons in the mass range 65–600 GeV is performed using $20.3\text{}\text{}{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=8\text{}\text{}\mathrm{TeV}$ $pp$ collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The recently discovered Higgs boson is treated as a background. No significant evidence for an additional signal is observed. The results are presented as limits at the 95% confidence level on the production cross section of a scalar boson times branching ratio into two photons, in a fiducial volume where the reconstruction efficiency is approximately independent of the event topology. The upper limits set extend over a considerably wider mass range than previous searches