Passer en revue quarante ans de Travail et Emploi

Dans quelle mesure l’évolution des articles publiés depuis 1979 dans Travail et Emploi dessine-t-elle une histoire cohérente ? Pour essayer de répondre à cette question, nous proposons une analyse des articles parus dans la revue au cours de ces quatre décennies à partir de leurs titres et mots-clés. Pour rendre compte et éclairer cette histoire, trois types d’arguments sont mobilisés. Travail et Emploi étant initialement une revue de nature administrative, publiée par le ministère du Travail, l’évolution de ses articles est en partie liée aux soubresauts de l’actualité législative, des politiques publiques et de la production statistique. Elle peut par ailleurs pour partie tenir aux transformations du regard porté par les sciences sociales sur le travail et l’emploi à partir du moment où Travail et Emploi devient une revue résolument académique. Enfin, ces évolutions rendent également, et assez naturellement, compte des transformations réelles et profondes du travail et de l’emploi sur le terrain, dans la vie des travailleurs et des entreprises

The Psychomotor Retardation, a Marker of Response to rTMS Treatment in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder?

International audienceNow more than ever, let us continue to develop personalized medicine to improve the remission rate for treatment resistant depressed patients. Recent findings about psychomotor retardation-a core symptom of depression-provide new insights into the predictive efficiency of personalized treatments, such as rTMS

Relationships between cognitive coping, self-esteem, anxiety and depression: A cluster-analysis approach

International audienceIt is important for prevention efforts and for designing appropriate interventions to identify people at risk of depression while considering cognitive coping and individual characteristics. This study with 334 French adults examined the ways in which people may combine the use of several cognitive coping strategies and investigated whether depression, self-esteem, and state- and trait-anxiety would differ across distinctive cognitive coping profiles. A two-phased cluster analytic plan was employed to derive clusters of cognitive coping profiles. We identified three profiles that differed according to the levels of depression, self-esteem, and state- and trait-anxiety. Research should therefore not focus on a single cognitive coping strategy, but on all cognitive coping strategies that are used simultaneously to investigate the relation between cognitive coping and emotional problems. Cognitive coping profiles provided a deeper understanding of how different individuals cope with negative and unpleasant events, and they allowed us to identify targeted groups that are most likely to benefit from specific mental health promotion and prevention campaigns

Combined Measures of Psychomotor and Cognitive Alterations as a Potential Hallmark for Bipolar Depression

International audienceOBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to examine whether specific features of psychomotor retardation (PMR) and cognitive functioning established different profiles in unipolar (UD) and bipolar depression (BD). METHODS: Two groups of age-matched patients with UD (n=54) and BD (n=20) completed the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS/60), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA/30), and the Salpêtrière Retardation Rating Scale (SRRS/60). We analyzed the group effect and then performed intra-group analyses. RESULTS: The BD patients have higher SRRS score, and lower MoCA score than UD despite no difference on the level of depression between UD and BD. Our results show that PMR can be predicted by the level of depression in UD and by the cognitive alteration and onset of disease in BD. CONCLUSION: PMR is a relevant marker of depression. Our results highlight the importance of concomitant evaluation of psychomotor and cognitive functions in the distinction of UD and BD symptoms

Dynamics of Postural Control during Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in an Adult with Major Depressive Disorder

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Does the transcranial direct current stimulation improve dual-task postural control in young healthy adults?

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Balance Characteristics in Patients with Major Depression after a Two-Month Walking Exercise Program: A Pilot Study

International audienceRecent studies have demonstrated impaired balance performance in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) in comparison to healthy controls (HC), which is likely to be related to deficits in integration of visual and proprioceptive inputs necessary for efficient postural control. In parallel, considerable literature supports the positive effects of a walking program on depressive symptoms. Thus this study aimed to determine the effects of a two-month walking program on implicit postural control strategies in MDD. Compared with twelve age- and body mass index-matched non-psychiatric HC (mean age 50.41 ± 6.93 years; five women), nine MDD (mean age 51.88 ± 10.01 years; five women) performed two sessions of standing postural control assessment, separated by eight weeks of the walking program, while the HC were only assessed at t0. The walking program included one-hour supervised walking sessions, three times a week over a two-month period. Postural performance was assessed by various center of pressure (COP) parameters, in particular those that bound the COP velocity of postural sway. The primary findings were that MDD patients exhibited positive physical activity-related changes in postural performance, with a decrease in body sway in the most difficult condition (with a foam surface). The real impact of the walking program on COP velocity-based variables suggests that MDD patients improved their ability to make more efficient postural corrections, which is useful for daily activities and autonomy. A balance assessment in the clinical screening routine might be used as a new index of the effectiveness of walking programs recommended for people with depression. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov/: NCT01995422

Balance characteristics in patients with major depression after a two-month walking exercise program: A pilot study

Recent studies have demonstrated impaired balance performance in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) in comparison to healthy controls (HC), which is likely to be related to deficits in integration of visual and proprioceptive inputs necessary for efficient postural control. In parallel, considerable literature supports the positive effects of a walking program on depressive symptoms. Thus this study aimed to determine the effects of a two-month walking program on implicit postural control strategies in MDD. Compared with twelve age- and body mass index-matched non-psychiatric HC (mean age 50.41 ± 6.93 years; five women), nine MDD (mean age 51.88 ± 10.01 years; five women) performed two sessions of standing postural control assessment, separated by eight weeks of the walking program, while the HC were only assessed at t0. The walking program included one-hour supervised walking sessions, three times a week over a two-month period. Postural performance was assessed by various center of pressure (COP) parameters, in particular those that bound the COP velocity of postural sway. The primary findings were that MDD patients exhibited positive physical activity-related changes in postural performance, with a decrease in body sway in the most difficult condition (with a foam surface). The real impact of the walking program on COP velocity-based variables suggests that MDD patients improved their ability to make more efficient postural corrections, which is useful for daily activities and autonomy. A balance assessment in the clinical screening routine might be used as a new index of the effectiveness of walking programs recommended for people with depression.status: publishe

Repeated self-evaluations may involve familiarization: An exploratory study related to Ecological Momentary Assessment designs in patients with major depressive disorder

A growing body of research in clinical psychology is now relying on Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). EMA is fitted to investigate fluctuating processes and as such, it is of particular interest in a clinical context in which patients are often characterized by fluctuating behaviors and affective states or symptoms. EMA typically involves frequent self-evaluations over long periods, which may influence patient response. The present study aimed to determine whether EMA follow-ups could influence the participants' self-evaluations over time. The sample comprised 24 outpatients suffering from a Major Depressive Disorder (15 women, age = 51.4 ± 9.6). This study relied on an EMA protocol involving self-evaluations of seven depressive symptoms twice a day over 5 months. Patients did not show any clinical improvement following the clinical screening and the level of depressive symptoms during the follow-up. As a novel finding, significant moderate to large effects were observed for decreased variability and instability of psychological states over time. The main difference in temporal properties of psychological states was found after the first two weeks of the follow-up. This study characterized early changes in patients' self-evaluations, suggesting the idea of a valuable familiarization period during the first two weeks of an EMA follow-up.publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Repeated self-evaluations may involve familiarization: An exploratory study related to Ecological Momentary Assessment designs in patients with major depressive disorder journaltitle: Psychiatry Research articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.034 content_type: article copyright: © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.status: publishe