Additional file 1: of Colour polymorphic lures exploit innate preferences for spectral versus luminance cues in dipteran prey

Additional experiment: details the methods of the additional experiment. Figure S1 depicts the Y maze apperatus for choice assays. Figure S2 shows the reflectance spectra of stimuli used in the additional choice experiment. Figure S3 presents the results of the supplementary experiment. Table S1 denotes the approximate chromatic (unitless) and achromatic (Michelson) target/background contrast of model ‘colourful and ‘luminant’ stimuli from Additional experiment S1, as modelled according to the visual systems of D.melanogaster and M. domestica. (PDF 329 kb

MC_GBS_L50_MD30

3341 loci analysed for this study. Individuals have less than 30% missing data

Dalrymple_etal_EM2018

Data from Dalrymple. et al. Abiotic and biotic predictors of macroecological patterns in bird and butterfly coloration. Ecological Monographs Data for each grid cell in the study range is presented, including bird and butterfly colour (response) variables and environmental (predictor) variables. Predictor variables relate to the community diversity and averages of the data available for the energy and resources in the environment and the habitat conditions in the grid cells. See manuscript for details on data sourcing and units on environmental variables. see Dalrymple et al 2015 Birds, butterflies and flowers in the tropics are not more colourful than those at higher latitudes. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 24(12), 1424-1432. DOI: 10.1111/geb.12368 for information on bird and butterfly color data and methodology. .csv fil

Transient Photovoltage in Perovskite Solar Cells: Interaction of Trap-Mediated Recombination and Migration of Multiple Ionic Species

It is highly probable that perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are mixed electronic-ionic conductors, with ion migration being the driving force for PSC hysteresis. However, there is much that is not understood about the interaction of ion migration with other processes in the cell. The key question is: what factors of a PSC are influenced when ions are free to move? In this contribution, we employ a numerical drift-diffusion model of PSCs to show that the migration of both anions and cations in interaction with trap-mediated recombination in the bulk and/or at the surfaces of the perovskite absorber can manifest both current–voltage hysteresis and unusual nonmonotonic PSC photovoltage transients. We identify that a key mechanism of this interaction is the influence of the net ionic charge throughout the perovskite bulkwhich varies as the ions approach new steady-state conditionson the distribution of electrons and holes and subsequently the spatial distribution of trap-mediated recombination modeled after Shockley Read Hall (SRH) statistics. Relative to intrinsic recombination mechanisms, SRH recombination can be highly sensitive to local asymmetries of the electron–hole population. We show that this sensitivity is key to replicating nonmonotonic transients with multiple time constants, the forms of which may have suggested multiple processes. This work therefore supports the conceptualization of the hysteretic behavior of PSCs as dominated by the interplay between ion migration and trap-mediated recombination throughout the perovskite absorber

Dalrymple_etal_EM2018_scriptforanalyses

R script for application to Dalrymple_etal_EM2018.CSV data file - produces analyses and some figures. .txt fil

Additional file 1: of Enzyme intermediates captured “on the fly” by mix-and-inject serial crystallography

Figure S1. Schematics of the short-time-point mixing injector. Figure S2. Selected views of the CEF binding site in the BlaC shard crystals including simulated annealing omit maps. Figure S3. Structural details, and simulated annealing omit maps, shard crystal form, subunit B (stereo representation, from 30 ms to 2 s). Figure S4. Structural details and simulated annealing omit maps, shard crystal form, subunit D (stereo representation, from 30 ms to 2 s). Figure S5. Structural details, and simulated annealing omit maps, needle crystal form (stereo representation, from 30 ms to 2 s). Figure S6. Backside view of the catalytic cleft of BlaC in the shard crystal form, structural details and simulated annealing omit maps (stereo representation, selected time points). Figure S7. 2mFo-DFc electron density in the catalytic clefts of BlaC in the shard crystal form (stereo representation, from 30 ms to 2 s). Figure S8. 2mFo-DFc electron density and structural details in the catalytic clefts of BlaC in the needle crystal form (stereo representation from 30 ms to 2 s). Figure S9. Details in the catalytic cleft of subunit B in the shard crystal form at 500 ms including the stacked CEF, 2FoFc maps, and simulated annealing omit maps (stereo representation). Figure S10. The catalytic cleft of BlaC, further details, including a difference map between the 500 ms and 100 ms time points. Figure S11. Crystal packing in shards and needles. Figure S12. Dynamic light scattering results. Table S1. B-factors for CEF species observed in the shard crystals at different time delays. (PDF 1646 kb