Spécificités nationales de la science et de la technologie : une étude de deux universités montréalaises

L'article rapporte les principaux résultats d'une étude comparative entre la science et la technologie. Les données proviennent d'une enquête auprès des professeurs des départements de chimie de McGill et de l'Université de Montréal, ainsi que de quatre départements de génie (homologues) dans chaque université. On cherche à savoir si certaines différences d'attitudes et de comportements peuvent s'expliquer par les spécificités disciplinaires ou si elles reflètent, soit le clivage science/technologie, soit le clivage entre les deux cultures nationales de référence. Les résultats confirment la plus grande productivité écrite des scientifiques. En outre, ils mettent en évidence un impact plus fréquent du facteur « culture » sur les diverses caractéristiques étudiées. Cette interprétation reste toutefois à vérifier : les différences considérées comme culturelles pourraient n'être qu'institutionnelles

Causal reasoning and the treatment of diarrhoeal disease by mothers in Kenya

A study of reasoning about the cause and treatment of childhood diarrhoea by Maasai schooled and unschooled mothers was carried out in Kenya, using a method of analysis developed within cognitive psychology. A dramatic difference in the conceptual structures of mother's reasoning about both the cause and treatment of diarrhoea was found between the unschooled and schooled group. The unschooled mother's explanation of diarrhoea was in terms of illness, resulting from social and moral factors. The knowledge structures generated showed global coherence. The schooled mothers explained diarrhoea with a series of quasi-biomedical facts about the disease with little or no connections between facts. The role of understanding the underlying disease processes for learning in health education is discussed in the context of Kenyan culture.causal reasoning childhood diarrhoea cognitive analysis Kenya

MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive Production Efficiency in Peasant Agriculture: An Application of LISREL Model

(ILCA) for field work in Ethiopia is highly appreciated. The study examined a simplified conceptual model which incorporates variables that influence the processes and consequences of household decision-making in the Ada and Selale districts of the Ethiopian highlands. Linear structural relations (LISREL) analysis was performed on three conceptual models. The results of LISREL analysis indicate that the magnitude of contribution of factors to production efficiency in descending order as: skill variables (e.g., experience, secular education and production knowledge), consequences of access to resources or institutions (e.g., wealth), technologies adopted, physical factors (e.g., land and labour) and extension education. The impact of inputs on production efficiency was greater among farmers who have adopted one or two technologies (Ada) and two or more technologies (Selale). Successful adoption can be attained if, given appropriate socioeconomic environment, skills of producers are matched to the requirements of technologies, and when the choice of technologies are compatible with the goals of households, experience, region and enterprise specific comparative advantages

BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THAILAND : Scientific Capacity and Technological Change

Contents List of tables vi Introduction 1 1. Encouraging science-based innovation 2 2. Importance of universities 7 3. Biotechnology policy in Thailand 10 4. Universities and technological innovation in Thailand 16 5. Biotechnology innovations in the seed and ornamental flowerindustries 20 6. Information networks and university-industry interaction 25 Conclusions 30 Notes 33 References 3

BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THAILAND : Scientific Capacity and Technological Change

Contents List of tables vi Introduction 1 1. Encouraging science-based innovation 2 2. Importance of universities 7 3. Biotechnology policy in Thailand 10 4. Universities and technological innovation in Thailand 16 5. Biotechnology innovations in the seed and ornamental flowerindustries 20 6. Information networks and university-industry interaction 25 Conclusions 30 Notes 33 References 3

Qualitative implications of school expansion : a case study of two primary schools in Kisii

Meeting: Workshop on Schooling, Cognition and Work, 27-29 May 1987, Kisumu, K