On the interplay between TLS certificates and QUIC performance

PeerReviewe

Waiting for QUIC : on the opportunities of passive measurements to understand QUIC deployments

In this paper, we study the potentials of passive measurements to gain advanced knowledge about QUIC deployments. By analyzing one month backscatter traffic of the /9 CAIDA network telescope, we are able to make the following observations. First, we can identify different off-net deployments of hypergiants, using packet features such as QUIC source connection IDs (SCID), packet coalescence, and packet lengths. Second, Facebook and Google configure significantly different retransmission timeouts and maximum number of retransmissions. Third, SCIDs allow further insights into load balancer deployments such as number of servers per load balancer. We bolster our results by active measurements.ReviewPendin

Charge and Spin Confinement to the Amine Site in 3‑Connected Triarylamine Vinyl Ruthenium Conjugates

The triarylamine vinyl ruthenium conjugate (4-OMeC₆H₄)₂N­{C₆H₄-3-CHCH-RuCl­(CO)­(P^<i>i</i>Pr₃)₂} (<b>m-1</b>) has been prepared and investigated in its neutral and one-electron-oxidized states. Comparison with tris­(4-anisylamine), <b>An</b>_<b>3</b><b>N</b>, and the related 4-methoxystyryl complex 4-OMeC₆H₄-CHCH-RuCl­(CO)­(P^<i>i</i>Pr₃)₂, <b>2</b>, shows that the intrinsic formal potentials of the two nonidentical redox-active subunits of complex <b>m-1</b> (triarylamine and vinyl ruthenium) are very similar. Complex <b>m-1</b> is oxidized in two consecutive one-electron waves with a half-wave potential splitting of 320 mV. Detailed investigations of the one-electron-oxidized radical cation <b>m-1</b>^<b>•+</b> by IR and EPR spectroscopy and by quantum chemical calculations as well as comparison to <b>An</b>_<b>3</b><b>N</b>^<b>•+</b> and <b>2</b>^<b>•+</b> indicate that the charge and the unpaired spin of <b>m-1</b>^<b>•+</b> are dominantly located on the triarylamine site. This is in stark contrast to the previously published <i>para</i> isomer <b>p-1</b>^<b>•+</b>, which, despite the nonidentical redox sites, is a fully delocalized mixed-valent system of Class III. As a consequence of partial charge localization, the low-energy absorption bands in the near-infrared assume the character of ruthenium or styryl ruthenium to triarylamine intervalence charge-transfer (IVCT) transitions with significantly diminished absorptivities compared to the highly intense charge resonance bands of <b>p-1</b>^<b>•+</b>. Hush analysis of the IVCT bands indicates that <b>m-1</b>^•+ is a significantly coupled mixed-valent system of Class II. The crystallographically determined structures of complexes <b>m-1</b> and <b>2</b> and of the amine precursor (4-OMeC₆H₄)₂N­(C₆H₄Br-3) (<b>An</b>_<b>2</b><b>N-Br</b>) are also reported

Analysis of Failure in Patients with Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) accounts for less than 1% of all head and neck malignancies. It is a locally aggressive tumor with a high prevalence of distant metastases. The current study aimed to identify independent predictors of outcome and to characterize the patterns of failure. Methods: This is an international retrospective clinicopathologic review of 495 ACC patients treated between 1985 and 2011 in 9 cancer centers worldwide. Results: Five-year overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were 76%, 80% and 68%, respectively. Independent predictors of OS and DSS were: age, site, N classification and presence of distant metastases. Adjuvant treatment had no significant influence on outcome (p = 0.6). Advanced N stage (p = 0.004) age ≥70 years (p = 0.01) and bone invasion (p = 0.001) were associated with shorter DFS on multivariate analysis. Metastasis sites were: lung (20%), bone (4%), liver (3%) and brain (1%). Median time to diagnosis of distant metastasis was 30 months (range 2–192). Age ≥70 years, tumor site, orbital invasion and N stage were independent significant predictors of distant metastasis. Metastasis site had a significant impact on OS (p = 0.04) and DSS (p = 0.03). Conclusion: The clinical course of ACC was slow but persistent. Paranasal sinus origin was associated with the lowest distant metastasis rate but with the poorest outcome. We found no impact of adjuvant radiation or chemoradiation on outcome. These prognostic estimates should be taken into consideration when tailoring treatment for patients with ACC

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses: A Meta-Analysis

Objectives To identify independent predictors of outcome in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the paranasal sinuses and skull base. Design Meta-analysis of the literature and data from the International ACC Study Group. Setting University-affiliated medical center. Participants The study group consisted of 520 patients, 99 of them from the international cohort. The median follow-up period was 60 months (range, 32 to 100 months). Main Outcome Measures Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Results The 5-year OS and DSS of the entire cohort were 62% and 67%, respectively. The local recurrence rate was 36.6%, and the regional recurrence rate was 7%. Distant metastasis, most commonly present in the lung, was recorded in 106 patients (29.1%). In the international cohort, positive margins and ACC of the sphenoid or ethmoidal sinuses were significant predictors of outcome (p < 0.001). Perineural invasion and adjuvant treatment (radiotherapy or chemoradiation) were not associated with prognosis. Conclusion Tumor margin status and tumor site are associated with prognosis in ACC of the paranasal sinuses, whereas perineural invasion is not. Adjuvant treatment apparently has no impact on outcome

The Significance of Close Margins on Outcome of Patients with Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Skull Base: An International Collaborative Study

Background: The mainstay of treatment in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck is surgical resection with negative margins. Surgical resection of skull base ACC might be limited by proximity to vital structures. The clinical significance of close margins (not involved but less than 5 mm) in ACC remains undefined. This study aims to characterize the impact of close margin on the outcome of patients with ACC of the skull base. Methods: Univariate and multivariate models were used to evaluate the clinical and pathologic data in an international collaborative study. Results: A total of 507 patients with ACC of the head and neck were analyzed. Of those, 108 (22%) had ACC of the paranasal sinuses and skull base. Negative margins were achieved in 38 (35%) patients with paranasal sinuses ACC compared with 49% and 57% in patients with major salivary glands and oral cavity ACC, respectively (p = .001). Close margins, were found in 16 patients (15%), with skull base ACC. Univariate analysis revealed that margin status was significant for 5 years overall survival (OS, p = .009) disease specific survival (DSS, p = .003) and disease free survival (DFS, p = .015) for patients with ACC of the skull base. Multivariate analysis in patients with ACC of the skull base, revealed that close margin status was a significant predictors for 5 years OS (HR-2.11, 95% CI, 1.3–4.2, p = .01), DSS (HR-2.1, 95% CI, 1.2–3. 1, p = .03) and DFS (HR-3.1, 95%CI, 1.3–8.2, p = .03). Conclusions: In patients with skull base ACC, close margins should be considered as an adverse pathological feature similar to positive margins