Triangle plots illustrating the contributions of three mechanisms: stability in species composition, compensatory changes in biomass among species and fluctuations in total community biomass to the temporal and spatial responses of fish communities.

<p>(a) Temporal response measure as beta diversity for the 13 spatial groups (13 reefs with 14 time steps for each reef). (b) Spatial response measure as beta diversity for the 14 temporal groups (14 time steps with 13 reefs for each time steps). Blue points represent the means over the different time step pairs (or reef pairs).</p

Principal coordinates ordination (PCoA) biplots of beta diversity and its components.

<p>(a) PCoA of the square-rooted dissimilarity matrix among all observations. Dissimilarity was measured using the percentage-difference (alias Bray-Curtis) index on square-rooted fish biomass data. (b) PCoA of the dissimilarity matrix accounting only for biomass replacement between pairs of observations (<i>β</i>_replacement). (c) PCoA on the dissimilarity matrix accounting only for biomass differences between pairs of observations (<i>β</i>_{biomasdifference}). Groups identified in ordinations (a) and (b) are the four groups identified using MRT. In ordination (c), observations are ordered along a total square-rooted biomass gradient (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0138696#pone.0138696.s005" target="_blank">S3 Fig</a> for details).</p

observations_matrix

matrixes of visits and repeated visits within the same occasion. Correspond to two 229*11 matrixes (nsite x nyear), first eleven rows correspond to visits and next eleven rows correspond to repeated visits within the same occasion

propagule_pressure

Covariates year and site-specific (nsite x (n-1)year). Corresponds to the propagule pressure index

state_matrix

State matrix (nsite x nyear) of observations. 0 = non visited site or missing data; 1 = species not detected (i.e., either dry or wet site); 2 = species detected (i.e., necessarily a wet site)

site_specific_covariates

Covariates site-specific (nsite x n site-specific covariates). S = site size; V = vegetation cover; C = site connectivity; Stab = site stabilit

Results of multiple regression analyses modeling total fish richness and total fish biomass.

<p>Only the significant predictors are shown, along with their partial coefficients of determination (<i>r²</i>). The time²:reef interaction was eliminated from the total biomass model by stepwise selection.</p

Species contributions to the temporal shift in fish composition for each reef.

<p>Only the seven species that contributed the most to this temporal trend are pictured. These species are ordered according to their relative frequencies in the whole data set 1: <i>Ctenochaetus striatus</i> (a scraper, Acanthuridae); 2: <i>Chlorurus sordidus</i> and 3: <i>Scarus psittacus</i> (two scrapers, Scaridae); 4: <i>Naso lituratus</i> (a browser, Acanthuridae); 5: <i>Acanthurus olivaceus</i> (a grazer, Acanthuridae); 6: <i>Scarus oviceps</i> (a scraper, Scaridae) and 7: <i>Odonus niger</i> (a plankton feeder, Balistidae). Polygon lengths are proportional to the species contributions to the temporal shift. Positive contributions (in blue) indicate species whose biomasses increased through time, while negative contributions (red) indicate species whose biomasses decreases through time. Polygons of species that are also indicators are surrounded with a black frame (see also <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0138696#pone.0138696.s006" target="_blank">S4 Fig</a>).</p

Local contributions to beta diversity (LCBD) per reef and year.

<p>LCBD values indicate the extent to which each local community is unique in terms of its composition. Circle surface areas are proportional to the LCBD values. Circles with a black rim indicate significant LCBD indices at the 0.05 level. Marginal diagrams indicate LCBD value averages per year (upper margin) and per reef (right margin); values are multiplied by 1000.</p

year_specific_covariates

Covariates year-specific ((n-1)year x n year-specific covariates). LRS = little rainy season, corresponds to the amount of water felt during the little rainy season (between march and april); RS = rainy season, corresponds to the amount of water felt during the rainy season (between march and the start of the corresponding visit)