228 research outputs found
The DeMaDs Open Source Modeling Framework for Power System Malfunction Detection
Modeling and simulation of electrical power systems are becoming increasingly
important approaches for the development and operation of novel smart grid
functionalities -- especially with regard to data-driven applications as data
of certain operational states or misconfigurations can be next to impossible to
obtain. The DeMaDs framework allows for the simulation and modeling of electric
power grids and malfunctions therein. Furthermore, it serves as a testbed to
assess the applicability of various data-driven malfunction detection methods.
These include data mining techniques, traditional machine learning approaches
as well as deep learning methods. The framework's capabilities and
functionality are laid out here, as well as explained by the means of an
illustrative example.Comment: 2023 Open Source Modelling and Simulation of Energy Systems (OSMSES
Towards a Systematic Approach for Smart Grid Hazard Analysis and Experiment Specification
The transition to the smart grid introduces complexity to the design and
operation of electric power systems. This complexity has the potential to
result in safety-related losses that are caused, for example, by unforeseen
interactions between systems and cyber-attacks. Consequently, it is important
to identify potential losses and their root causes, ideally during system
design. This is non-trivial and requires a systematic approach. Furthermore,
due to complexity, it may not possible to reason about the circumstances that
could lead to a loss; in this case, experiments are required. In this work, we
present how two complementary deductive approaches can be usefully integrated
to address these concerns: Systems Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) is a
systems approach to identifying safety-related hazard scenarios; and the
ERIGrid Holistic Test Description (HTD) provides a structured approach to
refine and document experiments. The intention of combining these approaches is
to enable a systematic approach to hazard analysis whose findings can be
experimentally tested. We demonstrate the use of this approach with a reactive
power voltage control case study for a low voltage distribution network.Comment: 2020 IEEE 18th International Conference on Industrial Informatics
(INDIN
Frequency- adaptive control of a three-phase single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system under grid voltage sags
The low-voltage ride-through service is carried out in this paper according to the voltage profile described by the IEC 61400-21 European normative when short-duration voltage sags happen, and some instantaneous reactive power is delivered to the grid in accordance with the Spanish grid code; the mandatory limitation of the amplitude of the three-phase inverter currents to its nominal value is carried out with a novel control strategy, in which a certain amount of instantaneous constant active power can also be delivered to the grid when small or moderate voltage sags happen. A Multiple second order generalized integrator frequency-locked loop synchronization algorithm is employed in order to estimate the system frequency without harmonic distortions, as well as to output the positive- and the negative- sequence of the αβ quantities of the three-phase grid voltages when balanced and unbalanced voltage sags happen in a frequency- adaptive scheme. The current control is carried out in the stationary reference frame, which guarantees the cancellation of the harmonic distortions in the utility grid currents using a Harmonic compensation structure, and the implementation of a constant active power control in order to protect the DC link capacitor from thermal stresses avoiding the appearance of large harmonic distortions at twice the fundamental frequency in the DC link voltage. A case study of a three-phase single-stage grid-connected PV system with a maximum apparent power about 500 kVA is tested with several simulations using MATLAB/SIMULINK firstly, and secondly, with some experiments using the Controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) simulation technique for several types of voltage sags in order to do the final validation of the control algorithms.This work was supported by the project “Nuevas topologĂas para convertidores en MT para grandes Instalaciones Fotovoltaicas” from the Spanish Government (Ref. TEC2016-80136-P) (A. B. Rey-BouĂ©) and the European Community’s Horizon 2020 Program (H2020/2014-2020) in project “ERIGrid” (Grant Agreement No. 654113) under the Trans-national Access (TA) User Project: 04.003-201
Frequency-adaptive control of a three-phase single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system under grid voltage sags
The low-voltage ride-through service is carried out in this paper according
to the voltage profile described by the IEC 61400-21 European normative when
short-duration voltage sags happen, and some instantaneous reactive power is
delivered to the grid in accordance with the Spanish grid code; the mandatory
limitation of the amplitude of the three-phase inverter currents to its nominal
value is carried out with a novel control strategy, in which a certain amount
of instantaneous constant active power can also be delivered to the grid when
small or moderate voltage sags happen. A Multiple second order generalized
integrator frequency-locked loop synchronization algorithm is employed in order
to estimate the system frequency without harmonic distortions, as well as to
output the positive- and the negative- sequence of the {\alpha}\b{eta}
quantities of the three-phase grid voltages when balanced and unbalanced
voltage sags happen in a frequency-adaptive scheme. The current control is
carried out in the stationary reference frame, which guarantees the
cancellation of the harmonic distortions in the utility grid currents using a
Harmonic compensation structure, and the implementation of a constant active
power control in order to protect the DC link capacitor from thermal stresses
avoiding the appearance of large harmonic distortions at twice the fundamental
frequency in the DC link voltage. A case study of a three-phase single-stage
grid-connected PV system with a maximum apparent power about 500 kVA is tested
with several simulations using MATLAB/SIMULINK firstly, and secondly, with some
experiments using the Controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) simulation
technique for several types of voltage sags in order to do the final validation
of the control algorithms
Modeling and design of the vector control for a three-phase single-stage grid-connected PV system with LVRT capability according to the spanish grid code
This article deals with the vector control in dq axes of a three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system with single-stage topology and low-voltage-ride-through capability. The photovoltaic generator is built using an array of several series-parallel Suntech PV modules and is modeled as a Lookup Table (two-dimensional; 2-D). The requirements adopted when grid voltage sags occur are based in both the IEC 61400-21 European normative and the allowed amount of reactive power to be delivered according to the Spanish grid code, which avoids the disconnection of the inverter under grid faults by a limitation in the magnitude of the three-phase output inverter currents. For this, the calculation of the positive- and negative-sequences of the grid voltages is made and a conventional three-phase Phase-Locked Loop is used for the inverter-grid synchronization, allowing the control of the active and reactive powers solely with the dq components of the inverter currents. A detailed enhanced flowchart of the control algorithm with low-voltage-ride-through capability is presented and several simulations and experiments using Matlab/SIMULINK and the Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation technique, respectively, are run for several types of one- and three-phase voltage sags in order to validate its behavior.This work was supported by: the project "Nuevas topologias para convertidores en MT para grandes Instalaciones Fotovoltaicas" from the Spanish Government (Ref. TEC2016-80136-P) (A. B. Rey-Boue); the European Community's Horizon 2020 Program (H2020/2014-2020) in project "ERIGrid" (Grant Agreement No. 654113) under the Trans-national Access (TA) User Project: 04.003-2018
Coupling of Real-Time and Co-Simulation for the Evaluation of the Large Scale Integration of Electric Vehicles into Intelligent Power Systems
This paper addresses the validation of electric vehicle supply equipment by
means of a real-time capable co-simulation approach. This setup implies both
pure software and real-time simulation tasks with different sampling rates
dependent on the type of the performed experiment. In contrast, controller and
power hardware-in-the-loop simulations are methodologies which ask for
real-time execution of simulation models with well-defined simulation sampling
rates. Software and real-time methods are connected one to each other using an
embedded software interface. It is able to process signals with different time
step sizes and is called "LabLink". Its design implies both common and specific
input and output layers (middle layer), as well as a data bus (core). The
LabLink enables the application of the co-simulation methodology on the
proposed experimental platform targeting the testing of electric vehicle supply
equipment. The test setup architecture and representative examples for the
implemented co-simulation are presented in this paper. As such, a validation of
the usability of this testing platform can be highlighted aiming to support a
higher penetration of electric vehicles.Comment: 2017 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC
Hardware-in-the-Loop Co-Simulation Based Validation of Power System Control Applications
Renewables are key enablers for the realization of a sustainable energy
supply but grid operators and energy utilities have to mange their intermittent
behavior and limited storage capabilities by ensuring the security of supply
and power quality. Advanced control approaches, automation concepts, and
communication technologies have the potential to address these challenges by
providing new intelligent solutions and products. However, the validation of
certain aspects of such smart grid systems, especially advanced control and
automation concepts is still a challenge. The main aim of this work therefore
is to introduce a hardware-in-the-loop co-simulation-based validation framework
which allows the simulation of large-scale power networks and control solutions
together with real-world components. The application of this concept to a
selected voltage control example shows its applicability.Comment: 2018 IEEE 27th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics
(ISIE
Asynchronous Integration of Real-Time Simulators for HIL-based Validation of Smart Grids
As the landscape of devices that interact with the electrical grid expands,
also the complexity of the scenarios that arise from these interactions
increases. Validation methods and tools are typically domain specific and are
designed to approach mainly component level testing. For this kind of
applications, software and hardware-in-the-loop based simulations as well as
lab experiments are all tools that allow testing with different degrees of
accuracy at various stages in the development life-cycle. However, things are
vastly different when analysing the tools and the methodology available for
performing system-level validation. Until now there are no available
well-defined approaches for testing complex use cases involving components from
different domains. Smart grid applications would typically include a relatively
large number of physical devices, software components, as well as communication
technology, all working hand in hand. This paper explores the possibilities
that are opened in terms of testing by the integration of a real-time simulator
into co-simulation environments. Three practical implementations of such
systems together with performance metrics are discussed. Two control-related
examples are selected in order to show the capabilities of the proposed
approach.Comment: IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial
Electronics Societ
Improved control of grid-connected DFIG-based wind turbine using proportional-resonant regulators during unbalanced grid
The quality of power and current control are the greatest challenges of grid-connected wind farms during abnormal conditions. The negative- and positive-sequence components of the grid currents may be injected into a wind generation system during grid faults, which can affect the power stability and damage the wind system. The proposed work assures a low-voltage ride through capability of doubly-fed induction generator- based wind turbines under the grid voltage sag. A new technique to protect the wind system and to recompense the reactive power during failures of the utility grid according to the Spanish grid code is proposed. The control design is implemented to the power converters, and the grid current regulation is developed by using proportional-resonant regulators in a stationary two-phase (alpha beta) reference frame. The control performance is significantly validated by applying the real-time simulation for the rotor-side converter and the hardware in the loop simulation technique for the experiment of the generator's grid-side converter control.This work was supported by: the project "Nuevas topologias para convertidores en MT para grandes Instalaciones Fotovoltaicas" from the Spanish Government (Ref. TEC2016-80136-P) (from A.B.R.); the European Community's Horizon 2020 Program (H2020/2014-2020) in project "ERIGrid" (grant ggreement No. 654113) under the Trans-national Access (TA) User Project (Ref. 04.003-2018); and the Erasmus + KA107 mobility program 2018/2019 between Europe and Morocco, Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena (UPCT) & Sidi Mohamen Ben Abdellah University (USMBA)-Fez (from Y.E.K.)
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