833 research outputs found
How people who self-harm negotiate the inpatient environment: the mental healthcare workers perspective
Introduction
Literature describes self-harm as functional and meaningful. This creates difficulties for service-users detained in an inpatient environment where self-harm is prevented.
Aim
Mental healthcare staff were interviewed to build on existing evidence of issues with the prevention approach and explore, from a staff perspective, how self-harm prevention impacts on service-users, how they manage distress and how this impacts on staff and their approach to care.
Methods
Qualitative methods were used to allow unexpected themes to arise. Ten semi-structured interviews were carried out with mental healthcare staff and thematically analysed.
Findings and discussion
The findings provide new evidence on the benefits and limitations of the inpatient environment for individuals who self-harm. Findings indicate that being unable to self-harm can lead to a continuation of distress and subsequent potentially harmful attempts to manage distress. Staff described experiencing a struggle for control in preventing self-harm, leading to increasingly harmful methods of self-harm. Alternatively some staff were able to support service-users with distress management. We discuss factors influencing which of these ‘paths’ service-users followed.
Implications
Considerations for care planning including understanding self-harm, using individualized care planning and attending to barriers are outlined with the ultimate aim of reducing distress and the impact of prevention of self-harm
A systemic analysis of South Korea Sewol ferry accident – striking a balance between learning and accountability
The South Korea Sewol ferry accident in April 2014 claimed the lives of over 300 passengers and led to criminal charges of 399 personnel concerned including imprisonment of 154 of them as of Oct 2014. Blame and punishment culture can be prevalent in a more hierarchical society like South Korea as shown in the aftermath of this disaster. This study aims to analyse the South Korea ferry accident using Rasmussen's risk management framework and the associated AcciMap technique and to propose recommendations drawn from an AcciMap-based focus group with systems safety experts. The data for the accident analysis were collected mainly from an interim investigation report by the Board of Audit and Inspection of Korea and major South Korean and foreign newspapers. The analysis showed that the accident was attributed to many contributing factors arising from front-line operators, management, regulators and government. It also showed how the multiple factors including economic, social and political pressures and individual workload contributed to the accident and how they affected each other. This AcciMap was presented to 27 safety researchers and experts at ‘the legacy of Jens Rasmussen’ symposium adjunct to ODAM2014. Their recommendations were captured through a focus group. The four main recommendations include forgive (no blame and punishment on individuals), analyse (socio-technical system-based), learn (from why things do not go wrong) and change (bottom-up safety culture and safety system management). The findings offer important insights into how this type of accident should be understood, analysed and the subsequent response
Two contrasting views of the South Korea ferry accident: Lessons learned from using a story-based animation for dissemination of research [Abstract]
Two contrasting views of the South Korea ferry accident: Lessons learned from using a story-based animation for dissemination of research [Abstract
Inclusion and Equity Committee Recommendations for Diverse Recruitment Report
The UNLV University Libraries Inclusion and Equity Committee (IEC) developed the Diverse Recruitment project in order to fulfill its charge in supporting the Libraries’ commitment to increasing representation and retention of historically underrepresented groups at all levels of staff. These recommendations draw upon a range of best practices, procedures, and programs. Largely informed by Duke University’s February 2018 Task Force for Diversity in Recruitment Report, three task forces each investigated a different aspect of understanding diverse recruitment as it related to the Libraries. These results were synthesized into a series of recommendations for the Libraries’ Leadership Team (LLT) and the Libraries to consider implementing
Understanding slips, trips, and falls among older rail passengers: future-proofing risk
The On average 30% of adults over the age of 65 years fall each year, with 1 in 5 of those falls requiring medical attention (Gillespie et al, 2012). With an ageing population across parts of the world (e.g. United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States of America), the number of older passengers (over the age of 65 years) using public transport (i.e. railways) is likely to increase, with implications for the design and use of train stations (Currie and Delbosc, 2010; DTI, 2000; Palacin, 2011; RSSB, 2008, 2011)
Probing deeper into the risks of slips, trips and falls for an ageing rail passenger population: applying a systems approach
In this study, the authors report the findings from a study of the contributory factors leading to slips, trips and falls (STFs) amongst elderly passengers at train stations and how these are likely to change in the future over the medium to long term (the period 2035–2050). Their data draws on: stakeholder interviews with rail personnel and elderly passengers; a set of station observations carried out across the UK; and, a survey of the views of station managers.
The findings point to a set of 22 contributory factors covering aspects of organisational, station environment and
passenger (individual) influence on S
TFs. Amongst the factors which most co
ncern station managers at the present
and over the next few decades are: rushing behaviour on train platforms; the consumption of alcohol by passengers;
aspects of station design (e.g. flooring); and, training for station staff as regard the risks of STFs. The authors summarise their findings in the form of a systems model which highlights priorities with regard to STFs in terms of all of the stakeholders taking part in the study. A final section discusses a set of issues which might form the basis for a future agenda for research and practice in this are
Probing deeper into the risks of slips, trips and falls for an ageing rail passenger population: applying a systems approach
In this study, the authors report the findings from a study of the contributory factors leading to slips, trips and falls (STFs) amongst elderly passengers at train stations and how these are likely to change in the future over the medium to long term (the period 2035–2050). Their data draws on: stakeholder interviews with rail personnel and elderly passengers; a set of station observations carried out across the UK; and, a survey of the views of station managers. The findings point to a set of 22 contributory factors covering aspects of organisational, station environment and passenger (individual) influence on STFs. Amongst the factors which most concern station managers at the present and over the next few decades are: rushing behaviour on train platforms; the consumption of alcohol by passengers; aspects of station design (e.g. flooring); and, training for station staff as regard the risks of STFs. The authors summarise their findings in the form of a systems model which highlights priorities with regard to STFs in terms of all of the stakeholders taking part in the study. A final section discusses a set of issues which might form the basis for a future agenda for research and practice in this area
De-contamination of cosmological 21-cm maps
We present a method for extracting the expected cosmological 21-cm signal
from the epoch of reionization, taking into account contaminating radiations
and random instrumental noise. The method is based on the maximum a-posteriori
probability (MAP) formalism and employs the coherence of the contaminating
radiation along the line-of-sight and the three-dimensional correlations of the
cosmological signal. We test the method using a detailed and comprehensive
modeling of the cosmological 21-cm signal and the contaminating radiation. The
signal is obtained using a high resolution N-body simulation where the gas is
assumed to trace the dark matter and is reionized by stellar radiation computed
from semi-analytic galaxy formation recipes. We model contaminations to the
cosmological signal from synchrotron and free-free galactic foregrounds and
extragalactic sources including active galactic nuclei, radio haloes and
relics, synchrotron and free-free emission from star forming galaxies, and
free-free emission from dark matter haloes and the intergalactic medium. We
provide tests of the reconstruction method for several rms values of
instrumental noise from to 250 mK. For low instrumental noise,
the recovered signal, along individual lines-of-sight, fits the true
cosmological signal with a mean rms difference of
for mK, and for mK.
The one-dimensional power spectrum is nicely reconstructed for all values of
considered here, while the reconstruction of the two-dimensional
power spectrum and the Minkowski functionals is good only for noise levels of
the order of few mK.Comment: 19 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Seeing our self reflected in the world around us: the role of identity in making (natural) environments restorative
Exposure to nature has been shown to restore cognitive capacities and activate intrinsic motivational states. The present research considered the role of salient identities in determining these effects. Three studies demonstrated that salient identities modify how people respond to natural environments. Exposure to images of natural environments increased the strength of intrinsic over extrinsic aspirations, and improved cognitive capacity, only when nature was central to a salient identity (Studies 1 & 2), or when the specific nature portrayed was connected to the salient identity (Study 3). Conversely, when nature was inconsistent with a salient identity, exposure had deleterious effects on aspiration and cognition. Together these studies suggest that the restorative potential of environments is determined, at least in part, by social and psychological processes connected to identity. These findings invite a more nuanced approach to understanding the possible psychological benefits of exposure to nature, and suggest that a variety of environments (natural and urban) can have restorative potential
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