An introduction to time-resolved decoding analysis for M/EEG

The human brain is constantly processing and integrating information in order to make decisions and interact with the world, for tasks from recognizing a familiar face to playing a game of tennis. These complex cognitive processes require communication between large populations of neurons. The non-invasive neuroimaging methods of electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) provide population measures of neural activity with millisecond precision that allow us to study the temporal dynamics of cognitive processes. However, multi-sensor M/EEG data is inherently high dimensional, making it difficult to parse important signal from noise. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) or "decoding" methods offer vast potential for understanding high-dimensional M/EEG neural data. MVPA can be used to distinguish between different conditions and map the time courses of various neural processes, from basic sensory processing to high-level cognitive processes. In this chapter, we discuss the practical aspects of performing decoding analyses on M/EEG data as well as the limitations of the method, and then we discuss some applications for understanding representational dynamics in the human brain

Strange, But True, Cases of Veterinary Law

This is one in a series of examinations of unusual, veterinary-related disputes that actually found their way to the courtroom. Review the facts of the case, determine your verdict and see if you agree with the ultimate decision of the court. After examining the clinical data, see if you came up with the same diagnosis that the legal system did. The following North Carolina case (FN1) dealt with a worker (hereinafter; plaintiff ) employed in a veterinary hospital (owned by defendant ) who was seeking worker\u27s compensation benefits for injuries he sustained when he was struck by a hit and run motorcycle driver while crossing the street in front of the veterinary clinic. At specific issue in this case is whether or not the injuries sustai~ed by the worker arose out of or in the course of his employment. If the latter was found to be the case, then the associated costs of his injuries would be covered via workman\u27s compensation insurance. If his injuries were found to not be derived, then this particular insurance coverage would be denied

Veterinary Vehicles: Born in Iowa, Part II

(This is the second in a series of articles spotlighting Iowa\u27s major contribution in the area of production of on-site veterinary equipment). The mainstay of commercially available mobile veterinary vehicles is doubtlessly the pickup truck-based veterinary box . Two companies dominate the design, production and marketing of these units and they are both proudly based in Iowa. These two manufacturers will be separately highlighted in this and the upcoming issue of The Iowa State Veterinarian

Born in Iowa: Veterinary Vehicles, Part Three

(This is the third in a series of articles spotlighting Iowa\u27s dominant position in the production of onsite veterinary equipment.) Bowie Manufacturing was founded in 1961 by M.C. Bowie, D.V.M. (ISU \u2746) who had realized the lack of products addressing the mobility needs of veterinary practitioners. Since its inception, the company has been located in Lake City, IA. The business was purchased by its current owner, M.E. Peterson, in 1977. Originally, Bowie produced only chassis-mounted mobile veterinary bodies. In 1970, however, the company added insert bodies to its product line

Veterinary Vehicles: Born in Iowa

(This is the first in a series of articles spotlighting Iowa\u27s major role in the production of on-site veterinary equipment). Cleansing sea otters at a California oil spill, examining thoroughbreds at a Florida racetrack, vaccinating the housecat at a home for the handicapped in Texas, collecting blood from veterinary patients in Pennsylvania and consulting a pork production conglomerate at a confinement unit in North Carolina: while these events seem totally unrelated on the surface, they indeed share a common theme. The single, largest piece of equipment utilized at these on-site veterinary campaigns was manufactured here in Iowa

An Overview of Osteomyelitis: Part I

This is the first in a two-part series of articles dealing with orthopedic infections, and will examine osteomyelitis as a clinical condition ·from its initial development through to its clinical resolution. Osteomyelitis is a term describing an inflammatory condition which involves the periosteum, cortex, and/or medullary cavity. While fungal, viral and parasitic invasion of bone are known, it is bacterial contamination and overgrowth that most commonly results in osteomyelitis. Regardless of the particular pathogen involved, bone typically becomes infected by one of two primary routes: hematogenous or exogenous

Inverse wing design in transonic flow including viscous interaction

Several inverse methods were compared and initial results indicate that differences in results are primarily due to coordinate systems and fuselage representations and not to design procedures. Further, results from a direct-inverse method that includes 3-D wing boundary layer effects, wake curvature, and wake displacement are represented. These results show that boundary layer displacements must be included in the design process for accurate results