242 research outputs found
Chow Rings of Vector Space Matroids
The Chow ring of a matroid (or more generally, atomic latice) is an invariant
whose importance was demonstrated by Adiprasito, Huh and Katz, who used it to
resolve the long-standing Heron-Rota-Welsh conjecture. Here, we make a detailed
study of the Chow rings of uniform matroids and of matroids of finite vector
spaces. In particular, we express the Hilbert series of such matroids in terms
of permutation statistics; in the full rank case, our formula yields the
maj-exc -Eulerian polynomials of Shareshian and Wachs. We also provide a
formula for the Charney-Davis quantities of such matroids, which can be
expressed in terms of either determinants or -secant numbers
Process tomography via sequential measurements on a single quantum system
We utilize a discrete (sequential) measurement protocol to investigate
quantum process tomography of a single two-level quantum system, with an
unknown initial state, undergoing Rabi oscillations. The ignorance of the
dynamical parameters is encoded into a continuous-variable classical system
which is coupled to the two-level quantum system via a generalized Hamiltonian.
This combined estimate of the quantum state and dynamical parameters is updated
by using the information obtained from sequential measurements on the quantum
system and, after a sufficient waiting period, faithful state monitoring and
parameter determination is obtained. Numerical evidence is used to demonstrate
the convergence of the state estimate to the true state of the hybrid system.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
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Primary Murine CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cells Fail to Acquire the Ability to Produce Effector Cytokines When Active Ras Is Present during Th1/Th2 Differentiation
Constitutive Ras signaling has been shown to augment IL-2 production, reverse anergy, and functionally replace many aspects of CD28 co-stimulation in CD4+ T cells. These data raise the possibility that introduction of active Ras into primary T cells might result in improved functionality in pathologic situations of T cell dysfunction, such as cancer or chronic viral infection. To test the biologic effects of active Ras in primary T cells, CD4+ T cells from Coxsackie-Adenovirus Receptor Transgenic mice were transduced with an adenovirus encoding active Ras. As expected, active Ras augmented IL-2 production in naive CD4+ T cells. However, when cells were cultured for 4 days under conditions to promote effector cell differentiation, active Ras inhibited the ability of CD4+ T cells to acquire a Th1 or Th2 effector cytokine profile. This differentiation defect was not due to deficient STAT4 or STAT6 activation by IL-12 or IL-4, respectively, nor was it associated with deficient induction of T-bet and GATA-3 expression. Impaired effector cytokine production in active Ras-transduced cells was associated with deficient demethylation of the IL-4 gene locus. Our results indicate that, despite augmenting acute activation of naïve T cells, constitutive Ras signaling inhibits the ability of CD4+ T cells to properly differentiate into Th1/Th2 effector cytokine-producing cells, in part by interfering with epigenetic modification of effector gene loci. Alternative strategies to potentiate Ras pathway signaling in T cells in a more regulated fashion should be considered as a therapeutic approach to improve immune responses in vivo.</p
Electronic bill presentment and payment--is it just a click away?
This article addresses the following questions about electronic presentment and payment (EBPP) in the business-to-consumer marketplace: Why aren't electronically presented bills always paid electronically? And, if EBPP does aid in the migration to fully electronic end-to-end payment, what are the barriers to its adoption.Payment systems ; Electronic funds transfers
Wetting and energetics in nanoparticle etching of graphene
Molten metallic nanoparticles have recently been used to construct graphene
nanostructures with crystallographic edges. The mechanism by which this
happens, however, remains unclear. Here, we present a simple model that
explains how a droplet can etch graphene. Two factors possibly contribute to
this process: a difference between the equilibrium wettability of graphene and
the substrate that supports it, or the large surface energy associated with the
graphene edge. We calculate the etching velocities due to either of these
factors and make testable predictions for evaluating the significance of each
in graphene etching. This model is general and can be applied to other
materials systems as well. As an example, we show how our model can be used to
extend a current theory of droplet motion on binary semiconductor surfaces
Modeling the Transition between Localized and Extended Deposition in Flow Networks through Packings of Glass Beads
We use a theoretical model to explore how fluid dynamics, in particular, the
pressure gradient and wall shear stress in a channel, affect the deposition of
particles flowing in a microfluidic network. Experiments on transport of
colloidal particles in pressure-driven systems of packed beads have shown that
at lower pressure drop, particles deposit locally at the inlet, while at higher
pressure drop, they deposit uniformly along the direction of flow. We develop a
mathematical model and use agent-based simulations to capture these essential
qualitative features observed in experiments. We explore the deposition profile
over a two-dimensional phase diagram defined in terms of the pressure and shear
stress threshold, and show that two distinct phases exist. We explain this
apparent phase transition by drawing an analogy to simple one-dimensional
models of aggregation in which the phase transition is calculated analytically.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures including Supplemental Materia
Quantitative and qualitative assessment of exploitation of juvenile cephalopods from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal and determination of minimum legal sizes
Using the minimum size at maturity (MSM) as a biological reference point and relatively low
reproductive loads and generation times of the studied animals, the minimum legal sizes (MLS) for
the Indian squid Loligo duvauceli, the pharaoh cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis and for the webfoot octopus
Octopus membranaceous was fixed at 80, 115 and 45 mm Dorsal Mantle Length (DML) respectively
with corresponding minimum legal weights at 25, 150 and 15 g. For L. duvauceli, during 1997-2001,
12.8% of the average catch was constituted by juveniles, the proportion being higher along the west
coast. In 2002-05, the proportion of juveniles was lower at 5.3% and the total weights were also much
less (1817 t as compared to 5354 t). In the case of S. pharaonis, 6.9% (2281 t) of the catch was
constituted by juveniles, but the proportion was very high (22.4%) along the east coast. In O.
membranaceous during 2002-04, an estimated 527 t (5.9%) of the total catch comprised of juveniles.
The present Lmean in the fishery is lower than the Lopt and their difference is considerably high at 60
mm for L. duvauceli. However, in the case of S. pharaonis this difference is only 10 mm and in the
case of O. membranaceous the Lmean is higher than the Lopt. If the juveniles are permitted to grow
to Lmean by implementing the MLS, the estimated economic gain is to the tune of Rs. 426 crores per
annum. The present study shows that harvest weights can be improved by up to 34 times and would
result in higher incomes to trawl fishers
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