Physiology of exercise in health and disease, with special reference to effort intolerance, training and thermoregulation in man

1. Davies, C.T.M., (1968) Limitdtions to the prediction of maximum oxygen intake from cardiac frequency measurements. J. Appl. Physiol. 24, 700 -706 || 2. Cotes, J.E., Davies, C.T.M., Edholm, G G., Healy, M.J.R., and Tanner, J.M., (1969). Factors relating to the aerobic capacity of 46 healthy British males and females, ages 18 -28 years. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 174, 91 -114 || 3. Davies, C.T.M., Tuxworth, W., and Young, J.M., (1970). Physiological effects of repeated exercise. Clin. Sci. 39, 247 -258 || 4. Di Prampero, P.E., Davies, C.T.M., Cerretelli, P., and Margaria R., (1970) An analysis of 02 debt contracted in submaximal exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 29, 547 -551 || 5. Godfrey, S., and Davies, C.T.M., (1970) Estimates of arterial PCO2 and their effect on the calculated values of cardiac output and deadspace in exercise tests. Clin. Sci. 39, 529 -537 || 6. Davies, C.T.M., Kitchin, A.H., Knibbs, A.V., and Neilson, J.M., (1971) Computer Quantitation of ST segment response to graded exercise in untrained and trained normal subjects. Cardiovascular Research, 5, 201 -209 || 7. Godfrey, S., Davies, C.T.M., Wozniak, E., and Barnes, Carolyn A., (1971) Cardio -respiratory response to exercise in normal children. Clin. Sci. 40, 419 -431 || 8. Davies, C.T.M., (1972). The oxygen transporting system in relation to age. Clin. Sci. 42, 1 -13 || 9. Davies, C.T.M., Di Prampero, P.E., and Ceretelli, P., (1972) Kinetics of cardiac output and respiratory gas exchange during exercise and recovery. J. Appl. Physiol. 32, 618 -625 || 10. Edwards, R.H.T., Denison, D.M., Jones, G., Davies, C.T.M., and Campbell, E.J.M., (1972) Changes in mixed venous gas tensions at the start of exercise in man. J. Appl. Physiol. 32, 165 -169 || 11. Davies, C.T.M., and Barnes, Carolyn A., (1972) Plasma FFA in relation to maximum power output in man. Int. Z. Angew Physiol. 30, 247-257 || 12. Davies, C.T.M., Barnes Carolyn A., Fox, R.H., Ojikutu, R., Ola and Samueloff A.S., (1972). Ethnic difference in physical work capacity. J. Appl. Physiol. 33, 726 -732 || 13. Davies, C.T.M., (1973) Relationship of maximum aerobic power output to productivity and absenteeism of East African sugar cane workers. Brit. J. Ind. Med. 30, 146 -154 || 14. Davies, C.T.M., Chukweumeka, A.C., and Van Haaren, J.P.M., (1973) Iron deficiency anaemia: its effect on maximum aerobic power and responses to exercise in African males, aged 17 -40 years. Clin. Sci. 44, 555 -566 || 15. Cotes, J.E., Berry, G., Burkinshaw, L., Davies, C.T.M., Hall, A.M., Jones, P.R.M., and Knibbs, A.V., (1973). Cardiac frequency during submaximal exercise in young adults: relation to lean body mass, total body potassium and amount of leg muscle. Q.J.Expl.Physiol. 58, 239 -250 || 16. Davies, C.T.M., and Van Haaren, J.P.M., (1973) The effect of treatment the physiological responses to exercise in East African Industrial workers with iron deficiency anaemia. Brit. J. Ind. Med. 30, 335 -340. || 17. Sargeant, A.J., and Davies, C.T.M., (1973). Perceived exertion during rhythmic exercise involving different muscle masses. Human Ergology, 2, 3 -11 || 18. Davies, C.T.M., Sargeant, A.J., and Smith, B., (1974). The physiological responses to running downhill. Europ. J. Appl. Physiol. 32, 187 -194 || 19. Davies, C.T.M., and Sargeant, A.J., (1974) Physiological responses to standardised arm work. Ergonomics 17, 41 -49 || 20. Davies, C.T.M., and Sargeant, A.J., (1974). Exercise performance with one and two -legs breathing air and 45% oxygen. J. Appl. Physiol. 36, 142 -148 || 21. Davies, C.T.M., Few J.D., Foster, K.G., and Sargeant, A.J., (1974). Plasma catecholamine concentration during dynamic exercise involving different muscle groups. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 32, 195 -206 || 22. Davies, C.T.M., and Sargeant, A.J., (1974). Indirect determination of maximal aerobic power during work with one or two limbs. Europ. J. Appl. Physiol. 32, 207 -215 || 23. Davies, C.T.M., and Sargeant, A.J., (1974). Effects of hypoxic training on normoxic maximal aerobic power output. Europ. J. Appl. Physiol. 33, 227 -236 || 24. Davies, C.T.M., and Sargeant, A.J., (1975) Changes in physiological performance of the lower limb after fracture and subsequent rehabilitation Clin. Sci. & Mol. Med. 48, 107 -114 || 25. Davies, C.T.M., and Sargeant, A.J., (1975) physiological responses to 1 and 2 leg 377 -381 || 26. Davies, C.T.M., and Sargeant, A.J., (1975). exercise in patients following fracture J. Rehab. Med. 7, 45 -50. Effects of training on the work. J. Appl. Physiol. 38, Physiological responses to of the lower limb. Scand. || 27. Davies, C.T.M., Godfrey, S., Light, M., Sargeant, A.J., and Zeidifard, E.,. (1975) Cardiopulmonary responses to exercise in obese girls and young women. J. Appl. Physiol. 38, 373 -376 || 28. Davies, C.T.M., and Sargeant, A.J., (1975) Circadian variation in physiological responses to exercise on a stationary bicycle ergometer Brit. J. Ind. Med. 32, 110 -114 || 29. Collins, K.J. Brotherhood, J.R., Davies, C.T.M., Dore, Caroline, Hackett, J., Imms, F.J., Musgrove, J., Weiner, J.S., Amin, M.A., El Karim, M., Ismail, H11.M., Omer A.J.S., and Sukkar, M.Y., (1976). Physiological performance and work capacity of Sudanese can cutters with Schistosoma mansoni infection. Amer. J. Trop. Med. & Hyg. 25, 401,421 || 30. Nielsen, B., and Davies, C.T.M., (1976). Temperature regulation during exercise in water and air. Acta Physiol. Scand. 98, 500 -508 || 31. Davies, C.T.M., Brotherhood, J.R., Few,J.D., and Zeidifard, E., (1976) Effects of ß blockade and atropinisation on plasma catecholamine concentration during exercise. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 36, 49 -56 || 32. Davies, C.T.M., Brotherhood, J.R., and Zeidifard, E., (1976). Temperature regulation during severe exercise with some observations on the effects of skin wetting. J. Appl. Physiol. 41, 772 -776 || 33. Sargeant, A.J., Davies, C.T.M., Edwards, R.H.T., Maunder, C., and Young A., (1977). Functional and structural changes after disuse of human muscle. Clin. Sci. & Mol. Med. 52,337 -342 || 34. Sargeant, A.J., and Davies, C.T.M., (1977). Forces applied to cranks of a bicycle ergometer during one and two leg cycling. J. Appl. Physiol. 42, 514 -518 || 35. Sargeant, A.J., & Davies, C.T.M., (1977). The effect of disuse muscular atrophy on the forces generated in dynamic exercise. Clin. Sci. & Mol. Med. 53, 182 -188 || 36. Fohlin, L., Freyschuss, E., Bjarke, B., Davies, C.T.M., and Thoren, C., (1978). Function and Dimensions of the circulatory system in anorexia nervosa. Acta. Paed. Scand. 67, 11 -16 || 37. Davies, C.T.M., Von Dobeln, W. Fohlin, L., Freyschuss u., and Thoren, C., (1978). Total body potassium, fat free weight and maximal aerobic power in children with Anorexia Nervosa. Acta. Pediatr. Scand. 67, 229 -334 || 38. Davies, C.T.M., Brotherhood, J.P., and ZeidiFard, E., (1978). Effects of Atropine and (3-Blockade on Temperature Regulation and Performance during Prolonged Exercise. Europ. J. Appl. Physiol. 38, 225 -232 || 39. Zeidifard, E., and Davies, C.T.M., (1978). An Assessment of a N20 Rebreathing Method for the Estimation of Cardiac Output During Severe Exercise. Ergonomics, 21, 567 -572 || 40. Sargeant,A.J., Crawley, M.A., and Davies, C.T.M., (1979). Physiological Responses to Exercise in Myocardial Infarction Patients Following Residential Rehabilitation. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 60, 121 -125 || 41. Davies, C.T.M., (1979). The effects of different levels of heat production induced by diathermy and eccentric work on thermoregulation during exercise at a given skin temperature. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 40, 171 -180 || 42. Davies, C.T.M., and Thompson, M.W., (1979). Aerobic Performance of Female Marathon and Male Ultra- marathon Athletes. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 41, 233 -245 || 43. Davies, C.T.M., (1979). Thermoregulation during exercise in relation to sex and age. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 42, 71 -79 || 44. Davies, C.T.M., (1979). Influence of skin temperature on sweating and aerobic performance during severe work. J. Appl. Physiol. 47, 770 -777 || 45. Davies, C.T.M., and Sargeant, A.J., (1979). The effects of atropine and Practolol on the perception of exertion during treadmill exercise. Ergonomics 22, 1141 -1146 || 46. C.T.M., Fohlen L., and Temperature regulation in Anorexia nervosa patients during prolonged exercise. Acta. Med. Scand. 205, 257 -262 || 47. Davies, C.T.M., (1980) Influence of air flow and skin temperature on sweating during and following exercise. Ergonomics. 23, 559 -569 || 48. Davies, C.T.M., Fohlen L., and Thoren C., (1979) The effects of wind resistance on the forward motion of a runner. J. Appl. Physiol. 48, 702 -709 || 49. Davies, C.T.M., (1980) Metabolic cost of exercise and physical performance in children with some observations on external loading. Eur. J. Appl. 45, 95 -102 || 50. Davies, C.T.M., (1980) Effect of air resistance on the metabolic cost and performance of cycling. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 45, 245 -254

Nutrition of container-grown rewa-rewa (Knightia excelsa)

The response of container-grown rewa-rewas (Knightia excelsa] to five levels of N. P. K and lime were studied. The plants responded strongly to added N with the largest and most green plants receiving 450 to 600g N/m3 while foliage was chlorotic at very low N rates. Phosphorus stimulated foliage growth but there was a linear increase in foliar chlorosis due to iron deficiency. Highest foliar dry matter production occurred with no added lime and pH of 3.5 in the peat: perlite medium, which is typical of a calcifuge

The Role of FRMD7 in Idiopathic Infantile Nystagmus

Idiopathic infantile nystagmus (IIN) is an inherited disorder in which the nystagmus arises independently of any other symptoms, leading to the speculation that the disorder represents a primary defect in the area of the brain responsible for ocular motor control. The inheritance patterns are heterogeneous, however the most common form is X-linked. FRMD7 resides at Xq26-27 and approximately 50% of X-linked IIN families map to this region. Currently 45 mutations within FRMD7 have been associated with IIN, confirming the importance of FRMD7 in the pathogenesis of the disease. Although mutations in FRMD7 are known to cause IIN, very little is known about the function of the protein. FRMD7 contains a conserved N-terminal FERM domain suggesting that it may provide a link between the plasma membrane and actin cytoskeleton. Limited studies together with the knowledge of the function of other FERM domain containing proteins, suggest that FRMD7 may play a role in membrane extension during neuronal development through remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton

The Chiral Twist-Bend Nematic Phase (N*TB)

Acknowledgements E.G. and D.P. acknowledge the support of the National Science Centre (Poland): (Grant Number 2016/22/A/ST5/00319). R.W. gratefully acknowledges The Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland for funding the award of a PhD scholarship.Peer reviewedPostprin

G1 Domain of Versican Regulates Hyaluronan Organization and the Phenotype of Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Variants of versican have wide-ranging effects on cell and tissue phenotype, impacting proliferation, adhesion, pericellular matrix composition, and elastogenesis. The G1 domain of versican, which contains two Link modules that bind to hyaluronan (HA), may be central to these effects. Recombinant human G1 (rhG1) with an N-terminal 8 amino acid histidine (His) tag, produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, was applied to cultures of dermal fibroblasts, and effects on proliferation and pericellular HA organization determined. rhG1 located to individual strands of cell surface HA which aggregated into structures resembling HA cables. On both individual and aggregated strands, the spacing of attached rhG1 was similar (~120 nm), suggesting interaction between rhG1 molecules. Endogenous V0/V1, present on HA between attached rhG1, did not prevent cable formation, while treatment with V0/V1 alone, which also bound to HA, did not induce cables. A single treatment with rhG1 suppressed cell proliferation for an extended period. Treating cells for 4 weeks with rhG1 resulted in condensed layers of elongated, differentiated α actin-positive fibroblasts, with rhG1 localized to cell surfaces, and a compact extracellular matrix including both collagen and elastin. These results demonstrate that the G1 domain of versican can regulate the organization of pericellular HA and affect phenotype

A simple point of care test can indicate the need for periodontal therapy to reduce the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes in mothers attending antenatal clinics

INTRODUCTION: Although the association between periodontal disease (PD) and adverse pregnancy outcomes has gained recognition amongst antenatal healthcare workers, not much has changed in practice to address it. This prospective study tested the hypothesis that BANA (N-benzoyl-DL-arginine- 2-naphthylamide), a diagnostic test for PD, may inform obstetricians and other antenatal healthcare practitioners, of the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in mothers attending antenatal clinics. METHODS: At first visit, the presence of suspected periodontopathogens was assessed by BANA testing of dental plaque from 443 mothers attending antenatal clinics in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and an association later sought with pregnancy outcomes. The accuracy of BANA to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes was evaluated by the calculation of likelihood ratios. The study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between pregnancy outcomes of BANA-negative and BANA-positive mothers (p<0.0001). BANA showed sensitivity and negative predictive values of 87% and 91%; 75% and 78%; 87% and 94% in detecting low birth weight, preterm delivery, and preterm low birth weight delivery respectively. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that BANA may indicate the need for periodontal therapy to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and could form part of the routine antenatal examination.National Research Foundation (NRF

Novel Method of Analysis for the Determination of Residual Formaldehyde by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Copyright © 2022 Vittoria Delbono et al.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Pharmacologic perturbation of neutrophils by Fluosol results in a sustained reduction in infarct size in the canine model of reperfusion

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that intravenous administration of large doses of Fluosol, a perfluorochemical preparation, reduced infarct size 24 h after reperfusion, an effect that was associated with reduced neutrophil infiltration. The effect of a clinically tolerable dose of Fluosol on infarct size after a prolonged period of reperfusion and its mechanism of action on neutrophils remain unknown.Twenty-one anesthetized closed chest dogs were subjected to 90 min of proximal left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and 72 h of reperfusion. An additional five dogs that did not undergo regional myocardial ischemia were utilized to explore the mechanism of action of Fluosol on neutrophil function. In the infarct study, animals were randomized to receive either intravenous Fluosol (n = 10) or an equivalent volume of Ringer's lactate solution (control; n = 11) at 15 ml/kg body weight during the last 30 min of occlusion and for the 1st 30 min of reperfusionFluosol significantly reduced infarct size when expressed as percent area at risk 72 h aller reperfusion (13.7 ± 2.7% vs. 38.3 ± 4.5%, respectively, p < 0.001). This reduction was associated with significant improvement in regional wall motion (18.4 ± 2.3% vs. 5.5 ± 2%, p < 0.001). Endocardial blood fiow in the ischemic bed was significantly higher 3 h after reperfusion in Fluosol-treated dogs (0.63 ± 0.08 vs. 0.34 ± 0.07 ml/min per g, p = 0.01). Reduced capillary plugging by neutrophils with relative preservation of endothelial cell structure was observed in Fluosol-treated animals. Infusion of Fluosol produced a marked transient decrease in peripheral neutrophil and platelet counts in both ischemic and nonischemic dogs and was associated with a significant reduction in total hemolytic complement levels. Studies of neutrophil function ex vivo revealed a reduction in chemotaxis and lysozyme degranulation after infusion of Fluosol. In vitro experiments showed that Fluosol produced a rapid and sustained activation of neutrophils determined by superoxide anion production.These data demonstrate that low dose intravenous Fluosol produces a sustained reduction in infarct size in the canine model. The beneficial effect may be in part due to the suppression of various neutrophil functions in the reperfused myocardium subsequent to peripheral activation by Fluosol. Such interventions may offer a novel therapy to enhance myocardial salvage by sequestration of circulating neutrophils during the critical early reperfusion period