Nonequilibrium fluctuations of an interface under shear

The steady state properties of an interface in a stationary Couette flow are addressed within the framework of fluctuating hydrodynamics. Our study reveals that thermal fluctuations are driven out of equilibrium by an effective shear rate that differs from the applied one. In agreement with experiments, we find that the mean square displacement of the interface is strongly reduced by the flow. We also show that nonequilibrium fluctuations present a certain degree of universality in the sense that all features of the fluids can be factorized into a single control parameter. Finally, the results are discussed in the light of recent experimental and numerical studies.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

A taxonomy for Decentralized Finance

Decentralized Finance (‘DeFi’) has gained tremendous momentum over the past three years by using novel approaches to disintermediating financial institutions in the provision of financial services. However, empirical research in this field is still rare and a more comprehensive understanding of the domain is a missing component in academic research. This paper develops a taxonomy based on a comprehensive literature analysis to structure this emerging field systematically. The application of the taxonomy to 278 DeFi start-ups reveals that most of the DeFi start-ups focus on Ethereum (36.3%) and have a focus on analytics and automation (52%), while only a few incorporate decentralized governance approaches (3.3%), provide decentralized exchanges (14%) or integrate off-chain data

A taxonomy for decentralized finance

Decentralized Finance (‘DeFi’) has gained tremendous momentum over the past three years by using novel approaches to disintermediating financial institutions in the provision of financial services. However, empirical research in this field is still rare, and a more comprehensive understanding of the domain is a missing component in academic research. This paper develops a taxonomy based on a comprehensive literature analysis to structure this emerging field systematically. The taxonomy includes three perspectives (strategy, organization, technology) and seven dimensions (blockchain, value proposition, token type, business process, price mechanism, protocol type, integration type) as well as thirty-six characteristics. The application of the taxonomy to 278 DeFi start-ups reveals that most of the DeFi start-ups focus on Ethereum (36.3%) and have a focus on analytics and automation (52%), while, surprisingly only a few incorporate decentralized governance approaches (3.3%), provide decentralized exchanges (14%) or integrate off-chain data

A new methodology for advanced engineering design: Lessons from experimenting C-K Theory driven tools

International audienceThis research shows that C-K Design Theory provides fruitful connections between New Product Development and Knowledge Management issues. Our purpose is to go a step further on the benefits of C-K Theory-based design tools for managing the upstream phases of innovative design processes. Based on 14 industrial case studies conducted between 2009 and 2011, we find that C-K Theory-based design tools enable practitioners to generate and explore various design paths while converging on the most competitive one

Nonlinear Brownian dynamics of interfacial fluctuations in a shear flow

International audienceUsing Brownian dynamics simulations, we investigate the effect of an external flow on the fluctuations of a liquid–liquid interface for a wide range of shear rates. Although the statistics is Gaussian at low shear, we observe a transition to a nonlinear phenomenology above a critical shear rate. In particular, we show that statistical properties at high forcing share striking similarities with Burgers turbulence. An energy criterion allows us to predict the onset of non-Gaussian statistics. It also provides a simple explanation for the development of shock singularities through the exchange of kinetic energy from regions with positive to negative gradients in the shear direction

Robert, P. (2021). La ville en planches. Bande-dessinée et mondes urbains

Pascal Robert (dir.) La ville en planches. Bande-dessinée et mondes urbains Sous la direction de Pascal Robert, professeur des universités en sciences de l’information et de la communication (SIC) à l’ENSSIB, spécialiste du médium de la bande dessinée et membre du laboratoire de recherche ELICO, cet ouvrage publié en 2021 chez Hermann en France est un livre collectif s’inscrivant dans la continuité des travaux de Pascal Robert. Ce dernier propose de donner à voir une « déprogrammation » (Robe..

Rôle de l’ostéopathie dans l’amélioration de la qualité de cicatrisation post chirurgicale

L'ostéopathie s’intéresse à l’organisme dans sa globalité et a pour objectif de maintenir son intégrité et ses fonctions optimales. La cicatrisation est un phénomène qui met en jeu de nombreux types cellulaires, des messagers inter-cellulaires et des molécules ayant un rôle dans l’anabolisme général de l’organisme. Cette étude commence par une présentation de l’ostéopathie avec ses principes liés à l’anatomie et les dysfonctions ostéopathiques. Dans une seconde partie, nous présentons la structure de la peau, les différentes phases de la cicatrisation et les facteurs influençant celles-ci. Enfin une troisième partie expérimentale décrit l’utilisation de l’ostéopathie après une chirurgie. Trois types de chirurgies ont été étudiés : 8 castrations de chien, 8 ovariectomies de chienne et 32 ovariectomies de chatte. Pour chaque chirurgie, un lot d’animaux était manipulé et un lot ne l’était pas. L’étude s’est faite en double aveugle avec une notation des cicatrices le jour de la chirurgie et le jour du retrait des points. Il en est ressorti que les chiennes manipulées présentaient moins de prurit ; qu’elles avaient une peau plus souple et moins d’adhérences du plan supérieur ; ainsi que la cicatrice présente une meilleure amélioration qualitative. Chez les chattes, on a retrouvé une souplesse cutanée plus importante pour le lot manipulé. Enfin, chez les chiens aucune différence significative n’a été mise en évidence. Il serait intéressant d’approfondir le rôle des manipulations ostéopathiques dans la cicatrisation en ayant des plus gros lots d’animaux et des chirurgies dont on sait que la cicatrisation est plus complexe, plus inflammatoire par exemple

The vacuolar proton-ATPase plays a major role in several membrane-bounded organelles in Paramecium

The vacuolar proton-ATPase (V-ATPase) is a multisubunit enzyme complex that is able to transfer protons over membranes against an electrochemical potential under ATP hydrolysis. The enzyme consists of two subcomplexes: V0, which is membrane embedded; and V1, which is cytosolic. V0 was also reported to be involved in fusion of vacuoles in yeast. We identified six genes encoding c-subunits (proteolipids) of V0 and two genes encoding F-subunits of V1 and studied the role of the V-ATPase in trafficking in Paramecium. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins allowed a clear subcellular localization of c- and F-subunits in the contractile vacuole complex of the osmoregulatory system and in food vacuoles. Several other organelles were also detected, in particular dense core secretory granules (trichocysts). The functional significance of the V-ATPase in Paramecium was investigated by RNA interference (RNAi), using a recently developed feeding method. A novel strategy was used to block the expression of all six c- or both F-subunits simultaneously. The V-ATPase was found to be crucial for osmoregulation, the phagocytotic pathway and the biogenesis of dense core secretory granules. No evidence was found supporting participation of V0 in membrane fusion