Environmentally sustainable practices at UK airports

In response to growing concerns about rising energy bills, long-term energy security and the environmental impacts of greenhouse gas emissions, airport operators worldwide are increasingly implementing new sustainable practices to help reduce costs, increase efficiency and reduce their environmental impacts. These initiatives include the installation of on-site wind turbines, biomass plants, and ‘smart' heating and lighting systems as well as other ‘green' initiatives including rainwater harvesting initiatives, improved recycling facilities and financial incentives to encourage staff to travel to work by modes other than the private car. Drawing on specific examples, this paper examines the ways in which UK airports have responded to the challenge of reducing the environmental impacts of operations for which they are directly responsible by implementing green and sustainable energy and working practices. The paper concludes by discussing the importance of sustainable airport practices in light of future growth in key emerging aviation markets

Influence of Processing Techniques on Copper Deep Levels Formation and on Photoconductivity in Silicon Doped Gallium Arsenide

Diffusion of copper in silicon doped gallium arsenide under different diffusion conditions is studied. Copper compensated silicon doped gallium arsenide (GaAs:Si:Cu) is used as switch material for bulk optically controlled semiconductor switch, and on-state photoconductivity of the switch is primarily due to the properties of the copper deep levels introduced in the material during diffusion. Gallium arsenide being a compound semiconductor, presence of vacancies and defects make the study of diffusion a complex process. The objective of the current research is twofold: a) to study the influence of diffusion conditions and processing techniques on copper deep level formation in silicon doped gallium arsenide (GaAs:Si) and b) to fabricate a switch material with high photoconductive gain so that low power semiconductor lasers can be used as the excitation source for closing the switch. Influence of different diffusion parameters, in particular, arsenic vapor pressure on the diffusion of copper and copper deep level formation in GaAs:Si is studied. Three different diffusion techniques, namely, closed tube diffusion, semi-closed tube diffusion, and leaky tube diffusion are used to diffuse copper in GaAs:Si. The diffusion of copper in GaAs is studied for the first time in the present work using the leaky tube diffusion technique, and the results show that it is the best among the three techniques studied, to diffuse copper to obtain high efficiency switch material. Photoinduced current transient spectroscopy (PICTS) and van der Pauw-Hall measurements are used to characterize the diffused samples. Various deep levels present in the diffused samples are identified and the variation of the characteristics of these levels with diffusion conditions is analyzed. PICTS spectra of GaAs:Si:Cu samples processed using different techniques are found to be strikingly different. Deep level structure at different depths from the surface of the GaAs:Si:Cu crystal annealed using the closed tube diffusion technique has been studied using the PICTS, and the results indicated the presence of a gradient in the copper related levels in the material. In leaky tube diffusion, the gradient effect is minimized by providing a source of copper on both surfaces of the sample and protecting the surfaces by silicon dioxide coating. Based on the characterization results, models for different copper related complexes have been identified, Vas CuGa VAs (arsenic vacancy is denoted as Vas and copper in gallium site is denoted as CuqJ and CuGa), and CuGa for CuB and CuA respectively. Photoconductivity of the GaAs:Si:Cu switches fabricated using the three different techniques is measured and found that switches fabricated using the leaky tube diffusion technique are the most efficient among the three. The efficiency of the leaky tube samples is high enough to use low power semiconductor laser diode as the excitation source

A Study of School Social Workers\u27 Perceptions of Disruptive School Behaviors and their Role in Response to the Problem

This study examines the topic of disruptive behavior in the schools, with a focus on how the role of the school social worker relates to this issue. Specifically, this research asked two questions. First, how do school social workers perceive the issue of disruptive behavior in the schools? Second, what is the role of the school social worker in addressing this issue? To answer these questions, 75 school social workers from the Minnesota School Social Work Association were given a self-administered mail survey. The data showed that school social workers feel disruptive behavior is an increasingly difficult issue faced in our schools. Consistent with other research, school social workers address this problem mainly through clinical interventions. The author then calls school social workers to shift their focus of practice to a systems model rather than focusing on clinical work. In addition, schools are called to provide more social work support so school social workers can better serve their students

Pictures are necessary but not sufficient: Using a range of visual methods to engage users about school design

It has been argued by both educationalists and social researchers that visual methods are particularly appropriate for the investigation of people's experiences of the school environment. The current and expected building work taking place in British schools provides an opportunity for exploration of methods, as well as a need to establish ways to achieve this involvement of a range of school users, including students. This article describes a consultation that was undertaken in a UK secondary school as part of a participatory design process centred on the rebuilding of the school. A range of visual methods, based on photographs and maps, was used to investigate the views of a diverse sample of school users, including students, teachers, technical and support staff and the wider community. Reported here is the experience of using these tools, considering the success of different visually-based methods in engaging a broad cross section of the school community and revealing useful information. Using a range of visual methods allows a complex, but coherent, understanding of the particular school environment to be constructed and developed. It is further argued that such a range of visual and spatial methods is needed to develop appropriate understanding. The study, therefore, contributes to knowledge about specific visual research methods, appreciation of the relationship between tools, and a general methodological understanding of visual methods' utility for developing understanding of the learning environment

Supporting Career Development and Employment: Benefits Planning, Assistance and Outreach (BPA&O) and Protection and Advocacy for Beneficiaries of Social Security (PABSS)

This training curriculum is dedicated to increasing knowledge and understanding of the Social Security Administration\u27s disability and return to work programs and work incentive provisions as prescribed in the Social Security Act and Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999 as well as other federal benefit programs. These informational resources were compiled and edited to provide continuing education and print materials for benefits specialists and protection and advocacy personnel on the interplay of these benefit programs and impact or employment

Recreational Boating in Virginia: a preliminary analysis

Increasingly, recreational boating and its supporting industries are being affected by governmental policy and regulatory and allocation decisions. Clearly, those charged with making these decisions cannot understand the impacts of their decisions on related business, individuals, and their livelihoods without possessing some knowledge of the general linkages between boating and local economies. This initial estimate of the economic impacts of boating in Virginia is a first step in that direction. Hopefully, a better knowledge of the nature, recent growth and present magnitude of boating in the Commonwealth will insure that decisions made which influence its existence will be\u27based on the best information possible

Land Grant Application- Lemont, Thomas (Wales)

Land grant application submitted to the Maine Land Office on behalf of Thomas Lemont for service in the Revolutionary War, by their widow Lucy Mallett.https://digitalmaine.com/revolutionary_war_me_land_office/1559/thumbnail.jp

The effect of end-range cervical rotation on vertebral and internal carotid arterial blood flow and cerebral inflow: a sub analysis of an MRI study

Introduction: Cervical spine manual therapy has been associated with a small risk of serious adverse neurovascular events, particularly to the vertebral arteries. Sustained end-range rotation is recommended clinically as a pre-manipulative screening tool; however ultrasound studies have yielded conflicting results about the effect of rotation on blood flow in the vertebral arteries. There has been little research on internal carotid arterial flow or utilising the reference standard of angiography. Objectives: To evaluate the mean effect of cervical rotation on blood flow in the craniocervical arteries and blood supply to the brain, as well as individual variation. Design: This was an observational study. Method: Magnetic resonance angiography was used to measure average blood flow volume in the vertebral arteries, internal carotid arteries, and total cerebral inflow, in three neck positions: neutral, end-range left rotation and end-range right rotation in healthy adults. Results: Twenty participants were evaluated. There was a decrease in average blood flow volume in the vertebral and internal carotid arteries on contralateral rotation, compared to neutral. This was statistically significant on left rotation only. Ipsilateral rotation had no effect on average blood flow volume in any artery. Total cerebral inflow was not significantly affected by rotation in either direction. Conclusions: It appears that in healthy adults the cerebral vasculature can compensate for decreased flow in one or more arteries by increasing flow in other arteries, to maintain cerebral perfusion. Sustained end-range rotation may therefore reflect the compensatory capacity of the system as a whole rather than isolated vertebrobasilar function

Environmental technology and the future of flight

Purpose To examine the role of new aeronautical technologies in improving commercial aviation’s environmental performance. Methodology/approach Reviews the environmental improvements that may be conferred through the adoption of alternative aviation fuels and new airframe, engine and navigation technologies. Findings Although aeronautical technologies have evolved considerably since the earliest days of powered flight, the aviation industry is now reaching a point of diminishing returns as growing global consumer demand for air transport outstrips incremental improvements in environmental efficiency. The chapter describes some of the technological interventions that are being pursued to improve aviation’s environmental performance and discusses the extent to which these innovations will help to deliver a more sustainable aviation industry