L’éducation comme moteur d’intégration professionnelle chez les réfugiés : une étude comparative portant sur la Finlande et le Québec

Travail dirigé présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l’obtention du grade de Maîtrise ès sciences en Relations industrielles.Cet article explore les impacts de l'éducation sur l'intégration professionnelle des réfugiés. Basée sur une approche internationale comparative entre le Québec et la Finlande, cette étude s'appuie sur des données qualitatives recueillies à travers plus de deux cents documents scientifiques. Les résultats de la recherche mettent en lumière que l’intégration professionnelle des réfugiés varie en fonction du niveau et de la qualité d’éducation, mais également des ressources disponibles en milieu scolaire, tant pour les enfants et les adultes réfugiés. Cela dit, d’autres facteurs doivent également être considérés pour garantir une intégration professionnelle réussie. Certains d'entre eux sont extrinsèques, notamment le respect des politiques et des lois en vigueur dans les pays d'accueil. Alors que d'autres sont intrinsèques et uniques à chaque individu. En particulier, la trajectoire prémigratoire et postmigratoire, mais aussi la santé mentale de la personne, le niveau de connaissance de la langue du pays d'accueil, le statut socioéconomique et l'accès au logement. Cette étude propose des recommandations qui pourraient être intégrées par les dirigeants finlandais et québécois afin de promouvoir une expérience d'intégration positive, et plus particulièrement la réussite professionnelle de tous les réfugiés

Compact Source of EPR Entanglement and Squeezing at Very Low Noise Frequencies

We report on the experimental demonstration of strong quadrature EPR entanglement and squeezing at very low noise sideband frequencies produced by a single type-II, self-phase-locked, frequency degenerate optical parametric oscillator below threshold. The generated two-mode squeezed vacuum state is preserved for noise frequencies as low as 50 kHz. Designing simple setups able to generate non-classical states of light in the kHz regime is a key challenge for high sensitivity detection of ultra-weak physical effects such as gravitational wave or small beam displacement

Generation of two-color polarization-entangled optical beams with a self-phase-locked two-crystal Optical Parametric Oscillator

A new device to generate polarization-entangled light in the continuous variable regime is introduced. It consists of an Optical Parametric Oscillator with two type-II phase-matched non-linear crystals orthogonally oriented, associated with birefringent elements for adjustable linear coupling. We give in this paper a theoretical study of its classical and quantum properties. It is shown that two optical beams with adjustable frequencies and well-defined polarization can be emitted. The Stokes parameters of the two beams are entangled. The principal advantage of this setup is the possibility to directly generate polarization entangled light without the need of mixing four modes on beam splitters as required in current experimental setups. This device opens new directions for the study of light-matter interfaces and generation of multimode non-classical light and higher dimensional phase space

Label-free quantitative proteomics in Candida yeast species: technical and biological replicates to assess data reproducibility

International audienceObjective: Label-free quantitative proteomics has emerged as a powerful strategy to obtain high quality quantitative measures of the proteome with only a very small quantity of total protein extract. Because our research projects were requiring the application of bottom-up shotgun mass spectrometry proteomics in the pathogenic yeasts Candida glabrata and Candida albicans, we performed preliminary experiments to (i) obtain a precise list of all the proteins for which measures of abundance could be obtained and (ii) assess the reproducibility of the results arising respectively from biological and technical replicates. Data description: Three time-courses were performed in each Candida species, and an alkaline pH stress was induced for two of them. Cells were collected 10 and 60 min after stress induction and proteins were extracted. Samples were analysed two times by mass spectrometry. Our final dataset thus comprises label-free quantitative prot-eomics results for 24 samples (two species, three time-courses, two time points and two runs of mass spectrometry). Statistical procedures were applied to identify proteins with differential abundances between stressed and unstressed situations. Considering that C. glabrata and C. albicans are human pathogens, which face important pH fluctuations during a human host infection, this dataset has a potential value to other researchers in the field. which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creat iveco mmons .org/ publi cdoma in/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Objective Studying proteome dynamics is a key step in systems biology projects. In this context, label-free bottom-up shotgun MS-based proteomics produces quantitative analyses of proteomes. This technique has emerged from significant improvements achieved by mass spectrom-etry (MS) instrumentation, chromatographic separation systems and a stronger correlation between the relative measured ion intensity and the original molecule abundance in the electrospray ionization process [1-3]. Members of our research team were involved in functional genomics studies in pathogenic yeasts Candida glabrata and Candida albicans [4-8]. We observed how the experimental design is a critical step to empower the statistics used to assess the robustness of the results. "How many replicates is enough?" is certainly one of the most frequently asked questions in wet laboratories. This question is especially critical in situations where the experiments are expensive, and/or the preparation of the biological samples is challenging. Here, our objective was to assess the robustness of the results arising from label-free bottom-up shotgun MS-based proteom-ics performed in C. glabrata and C. albicans, in case of technical and biological replicates. If the importance of biological replicates was indisputable when we starte

A phenomenological approach to investigate the pre-reflexive contents of consciousness during sound production

International audienceThis article describes a listening experiment based on elici-tation interviews that aims at describing the conscious experience of a subject submitted to a perceptual stimulation. As opposed to traditional listening experiments in which subjects are generally influenced by closed or suggestive questions and limited to predefined, forced choices, elicita-tion interviews make it possible to get deeper insight into the listener's perception, in particular to the pre-reflexive content of the conscious experiences. Inspired by previous elicitation interviews during which subjects passively listened to sounds, this experience is based on an active task during which the subjects were asked to reproduce a sound with a stylus on a graphic tablet that controlled a synthesis model. The reproduction was followed by an elicitation interview. The trace of the graphic gesture as well as the answers recorded during the interview were then analyzed. Results revealed that the subjects varied their focus towards both the evoked sound source, and intrinsic sound properties and also described their sensations induced by the experience

Correlation of fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy, and NanoSIMS stable isotope imaging on a single tissue section.

Correlative light and electron microscopy allows localization of specific molecules at the ultrastructural level in biological tissue but does not provide information about metabolic turnover or the distribution of labile molecules, such as micronutrients. We present a method to directly correlate (immuno)fluorescent microscopy, (immuno)TEM imaging and NanoSIMS isotopic mapping of the same tissue section, with nanometer-scale spatial precision. The process involves chemical fixation of the tissue, cryo sectioning, thawing, and air-drying under a thin film of polyvinyl alcohol. It permits to effectively retain labile compounds and strongly increases NanoSIMS sensitivity for 13C-enrichment. The method is illustrated here with correlated distribution maps of a carbonic anhydrase enzyme isotype, β-tubulin proteins, and 13C- and 15N-labeled labile micronutrients (and their anabolic derivates) within the tissue of a reef-building symbiotic coral. This broadly applicable workflow expands the wealth of information that can be obtained from multi-modal, sub-cellular observation of biological tissue

Crystal structures of Burkholderia cenocepacia dihydropteroate synthase in the apo-form and complexed with the product 7,8-dihydropteroate

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The enzyme dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) participates in the <it>de novo </it>synthesis of folate cofactors by catalyzing the formation of 7,8-dihydropteroate from condensation of <it>p</it>-aminobenzoic acid with 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteroate pyrophosphate. DHPS is absent from humans, who acquire folates from diet, and has been validated as an antimicrobial therapeutic target by chemical and genetic means. The bacterium <it>Burkholderia cenocepacia </it>is an opportunistic pathogen and an infective agent of cystic fibrosis patients. The organism is highly resistant to antibiotics and there is a recognized need for the identification of new drugs against <it>Burkholderia </it>and related Gram-negative pathogens. Our characterization of the DHPS active site and interactions with the enzyme product are designed to underpin early stage drug discovery.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>An efficient recombinant protein expression system for DHPS from <it>B. cenocepacia </it>(<it>Bc</it>DHPS) was prepared, the dimeric enzyme purified in high yield and crystallized. The structure of the apo-enzyme and the complex with the product 7,8-dihydropteroate have been determined to 2.35 Å and 1.95 Å resolution respectively in distinct orthorhombic crystal forms. The latter represents the first crystal structure of the DHPS-pterin product complex, reveals key interactions involved in ligand binding, and reinforces data generated by other structural studies. Comparisons with orthologues identify plasticity near the substrate-binding pocket and in particular a range of loop conformations that contribute to the architecture of the DHPS active site. These structural data provide a foundation for hit discovery. An intriguing observation, an artifact of the analysis, that of a potential sulfenamide bond within the ligand complex structure is mentioned.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Structural similarities between <it>Bc</it>DHPS and orthologues from other Gram-negative species are evident as expected on the basis of a high level of sequence identity. The presence of 7,8-dihydropteroate in the binding site provides details about ligand recognition by the enzyme and the different states of the enzyme allow us to visualize distinct conformational states of loops adjacent to the active site. Improved drugs to combat infections by <it>Burkholderia sp. </it>and related Gram-negative bacteria are sought and our study now provides templates to assist that process and allow us to discuss new ways of inhibiting DHPS.</p

Evaluating Toxicity of Chemicals using a Zebrafish Vibration Startle Response Screening System

We developed a simple screening system for the evaluation of neuromuscular and general toxicity in zebrafish embryos. The modular system consists of electrodynamic transducers above which tissue culture dishes with embryos can be placed. Multiple such loudspeaker-tissue culture dish pairs can be combined. Vibrational stimuli generated by the electrodynamic transducers induce a characteristic startle and escape response in the embryos. A belt-driven linear drive sequentially positions a camera above each loudspeaker to record the movement of the embryos. In this way, alterations to the startle response due to lethality or neuromuscular toxicity of chemical compounds can be visualized and quantified. We present an example of the workflow for chemical compound screening using this system, including the preparation of embryos and treatment solutions, operation of the recording system, and data analysis to calculate benchmark concentration values of compounds active in the assay. The modular assembly based on commercially available simple components makes this system both economical and flexibly adaptable to the needs of particular laboratory setups and screening purposes