Assessment of DNA Damage in Peripheral Blood of Tobacco Users

The smokeless tobacco has a physical powerful association with the risk of oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, Oral squamous cell carcinoma and Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. ST components exhibit genotoxicity and may alter the structure of DNA, proteins and lipids, resulting in the production of antigenicity. Present study was carried out to investigate the effects of chewing tobacco (CT) with smoking on lymphocyte DNA damage. After signing a consent form, volunteers provided blood samples (76 samples from including experimental and control subjects) to establish SCGE (comet).  Statistically significant results were obtained in experimental subjects when compared to controls. However association found with smoking had significant effect, and it can induce maximum amount of DNA damage. The genotoxic effect of chewing tobacco (CT) should be considered in addition to other known hazards for assessing health risks

PUPAL EMERGENCE INHIBITION ACTIVITY OF ACALYPHA INDICA LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST DENGUE VECTOR, AEDES ALBOPICTUS MOSQUITO

Objective: To investigate the larvicidal activities of six varying extracts of Acalypha indica (A. indica) leaves from family Euphorbiaceae against the dengue mosquito vector, Aedesalbopictus (Ae. albopictus) in laboratory.Methods: Leaves from the study plants were separated, air dried in room temperature, grounded and extracted with different solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, ethanol and aqueous) by solvent apparatus and aqueous extract by maceration method. The extra solvents were evaporated to obtain crude extracts by using rotary evaporator. The crude extracts of six different solvents were dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) to prepare test dosages of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm. Third instar larvae of Ae. albopictus were exposed to 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm concentrations of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts of A. indica and compared with control to determine the larvicidal effects. Larval bioassays were carriedout according to World Health Organisation (WHO) procedures. The rate of larval mortality was recorded after 24h and 48 h of time exposure. Three duplicate trials were made for each tested dosage. IC50 and IC90 values were calculated by using probit analysis.Results: Based on probit analysis result the 24h and 48h LC50 and LC90 of petroleum ether extract of A. indica against Ae. albopictus was found to be 2805.43 ppm and 2376.11 ppm, 3825.14 ppm and 3327.8 ppm, respectively. An LC50 and LC90 value of chloroform extracts of A. indicaa gainst third instar larvae was found to be 2276.5 ppm and 4015.8 ppm (24h), 2213.36 ppm and 3430.43 ppm (48h), respectively. An LC50 value of 4472.17 ppm and 2469.61 ppm, and LC90 value of 4215.84 ppm was obtained on ethylacetate extract treatment against Ae. albopictus for 24h and 48h exposure, respectively. The 24h and 48 h LC50 and LC90 values of n-butanol extracts of A. indica was found to be 2777.88 ppm and 3628.19 ppm, 2225.61 ppm and 2518.86 ppm, respectively. In the present study, the larvicidal bioassays demonstrated that the n-butanolextract was most effective with 100% mortality against larvae of Ae. albopictus at 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm compared to other extracts. All other extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate) of A. indica at high concentration (4000 ppm and 5000 ppm) manifested a significant (P<0.01 and 0.05) knock down effect of 100% moratality after 24h and 48h exposure. While the third instar lavae of Ae. albopictus were found to be most susceptabile and produced no mortality to ethanol and aqueous extract at varying parts per million. Conclusion: A. indica leaf extract was tested for the first time against dengue vector Ae. albopictus and the results revealed that A. indica can be used to control dengue vector. Further this extract needs to be evaluated under field conditions for proper exploitation of Ae. albopictus mosquito larvae. Thus, the present study provided a first report on A. indica as a prompting mosquito larvicidal activity and can be considered for further investiagtions such as formulation of bioinsecticides to control Ae. albopictus population

Incidence of resistant mastitis in dairy cows in Tamil Nadu, India

The incidence of resistant mastitis in dairy cows in Tamil Nadu, India was 56.l %. The predominant resistant causative pathogen was Escherichia coli (50.64 %) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (44.25 %) and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (5.11 %). Incidence of resistant mastitis was high in Holstein Friesian cross breed followed by Jersey cross breed and non descript. Highest incidence was observed in early stage of third lactation. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity test revealed the E. coli, S. aureus and MRSA organisms showed more sensitivity to enrofloxacin, amoxicillin+sulbactam, gentamicin and ceftriaxone and had highest resistant to penicillin followed by amoxicillin, oxytetracycline and methicillin. The study highlights the need for preventing the indiscriminate use of antibiotics

A study on treatment of resistant mastitis in dairy cows

The study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and treatment of antibiotic resistant mastitis in dairy cows. The predominant resistant causative pathogen was Escherichia coli (50.64 %) followed by S. aureus (44.25 %) and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcal aureus (5.11%).These isolates were found sensitive to gentamicin, enrofloxcain, amoxicillin+sulbactam, ceftriaxone and resistant to amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, penicillin G and oxacillin. In all the treatment groups of E. coli, S. aureus and MRSA mastitis, the post treatment pH, SCC was significantly (P < 0.01) decreased when compared to pre treatment pH, SCC values and the post treatment electrical conductivity was significantly (P < 0.01) increased when compared to pre treatment electrical conductivity value. In E. coli mastitis, treated with amoxicillin+sulbactam, ceftriaxone, enrofloxacin and gentamicin showed 74.1%, 67.75 %, 76.67 % and 64.52 % clinical recovery and in S. aureus mastitis, showed 65.25 %, 65.25 %, 72.43 % and 68.98 % clinical recovery. In MRSA mastitis, enrofloxacin was found to be highly effective in comparison to amoxicillin+sulbcactam

Development of remote field eddy current technique for in-service inspection of ferromagnetic steam generator tubes

Remote field eddy current (RFEC) technique uses separate exciter and receiver coils and low-excitation frequencies for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of metallic tubes from tube-side. In this technique, induced voltage in a receiver coil placed at 2 to 3 tube diameters away from the exciter coil is measured. For in-service inspection of ferromagnetic steam generator (SG) tubes (~23 m long, 17.2 mm dia and 2.3 mm thickness) of fast breeder reactors, a comprehensive RFEC technology has been successfully developed and field-tested

SURVEY, ISOLATION, BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION, AND IDENTIFICATION OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI FROM GASTRIC PATIENT BIOPSY

Objective: This study was to isolate and identify the Helicobacter pylori from the biopsy samples of the gastric patient.Methods: Gastric biopsies were collected from the antral region of the gastric patient. Out of 96 patients, 59 males and 37 females in the age group between 11 and 70 years old were selected. A serial dilution of the sample was made. The bacterial colonies were examined on the basis of Gram staining, colony morphology, and biochemical reactions such as catalase, urease, oxidase, nitrate reduction, glycine utilization, growth (different media, different temperature, and salt tolerance), and antibiotic sensitivityResult: From the findings, it was found that 75% (65% of male and 35% of female) have H. pylori infection remaining 25% were not infected. The rate of infection was found to be more in age group 55-65 and less in age group below 25. Among 75% of H. pylori infected patients, 72% are affected with ulcer, 19% with gastric cancer, and 8.3% found to be non-gastric inflammated. Gram staining result declared that the isolated bacteria from the biopsy sample observed to be Gram-negative, spiral shaped rod. Biochemical reports produced positive indication to all the tests.Conclusion: Based on the morphological, staining and biochemical test result, it was confirmed that the isolated bacteria was found to be H. pylori.Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related to death worldwide. In 1994, the international agencyfor research on cancer classified H. pylori as a Class I (definite) carcinogen, as H. pylori infection is considered as an important trigger in the processof carcinogenesis of both types of distal gastric cancer.Â

EFFICIENT ALLOCATION OF DYNAMIC RESOURCES IN A CLOUD

ABSTRACT: In recent years ad hoc parallel data processing has emerged to be one of the killer applications for Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS ) clouds. Major Cloud computing companies have started to integrate frameworks for parallel data processing in their product portfolio, making it easy for customers to access these services and to deploy their programs. The opportunities and challenges for efficient parallel data processing in clouds are discussed and present the research project Nephele. It is the first data processing framework to explicitly exploit the dynamic resource allocation offered by today's IaaS clouds for both, task scheduling a nd execution. Particular tasks of a processing job can be assigned to different types of virtual machines which are automatically instantiated and terminated during the job execution. Based on this new framework, the extended evaluations of MapReduce -inspired processing jobs on an IaaS cloud system is performed and compared the results to the popular data processing framework Hadoop

Mining and Clustering of Location Based Services on Basis of Moving Transactions

ABSTRACT: In today's world everything is fast paced and internet as become necessity of life we need it at every step. With the invention of smart phone GPS enabled cell user can ask for any service via Information service and Application provider from anywhere any time. This business model is known as moving commerce .It provides Location based services through moving phone. One of the active topics in mining is the mining and prediction of moving movements and associated transactions. Most of existing studies focus on discovering moving patterns from the whole logs. The issue with this method is that it does not provide accurate information as it depends on spatial clustering where as Location based services require non spatial clustering. The other issue with it is that most methods requires user to set the parameters which is highly impossible in an active environment. Moreover in moving environment the user profiles are seldom known but what we know is the moving transaction patterns. In the paper we will use an algorithm, namely, Temporal Moving Sequential Pattern Mine based on clustering, to discover the Cluster-based Temporal Moving Sequential Patterns .User clusters are constructed by a algorithm named ClusterObject-based Smart Cluster Affinity Search Technique similarities between users are evaluated by the proposed measure, Location-Based Service Alignment (LBS-Alignment).In the algorithm is also proposed to use time as also one of the dimensions where similar moving characteristics exist

A study on Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in dairy cows

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a serious problem in dairy animals suffering from mastitis. The study was carried out to evaluate the incidence of Methicillin resistant S. aureus from clinical mastitis milk samples and their antibiotic resistance profile and characterised with respect to the molecular features that contributed to the resistance in these pathogens. Isolation and identification of Methicillin resistant S. aureus were performed from acute clinical mastitis samples. The isolates were tested using agar disc diffusion method for their antimicrobial susceptibility and modified resazurin assay micro dilution technique for MIC to 8 different antimicrobial drugs. A total of 235 clinical mastitis milk samples from dairy cows were cultured for incidence of S. aureus. Methicillin resistant S. aureus was isolated from a total of 12 (44.25%) of the 116 S. aureus samples. Based on the antimicrobial sensitivity and MIC results, MRSA isolates were found sensitive to gentamicin, enrofloxcain, amoxicillin+sulbactam, ceftriaxone and resistant to amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, penicillin G and oxacillin. Most of MRSA isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant. MRSA alert kit test and mecA and blaZ target gene PCR were found to be useful in the confirmation of MRSA

Genetic variability and inter-relationship of kernel carotenoids among indigenous and exotic maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds

Carotenoids play vital role in growth and development of human beings. Yellow maize kernel contains carotenoids that possess provitamin A and antioxidant activity. Multilocation based analyses of 105 maize inbreds of indigenous and exotic origin revealed wide genetic variation for lutein (0.2–11.3 μg/g), zeaxanthin (0.2–20.0 μg/g) and β-carotene (0.0–15.0 μg/g). For β-cryptoxanthin, low variation (0.1–3.3 μg/g) was observed. Carotenoids were quite stable over environments that played minor role in causing variation. The heritability (>90%) and genetic advance (>75%) were high for all the carotenoid components. Zeaxanthin showed positive correlation with lutein and β-cryptoxanthin, while β-carotene, the major provitamin A carotenoid, did not show correlation with other carotenoids. Kernel colour was positively correlated with lutein (0.25), zeaxanthin (0.47) and β-cryptoxanthin (0.44), but not with β-carotene (0.04). This suggested that visual selection based on kernel colour will be misleading in selecting provitamin A-rich genotypes. Inbreds with provitamin A and non-provitamin A carotenoids identified in the present study will help in development of biofortified maize hybrids