Genome wide analysis of gene expression changes in skin from patients with type 2 diabetes

Non-healing chronic ulcers are a serious complication of diabetes and are a major healthcare problem. While a host of treatments have been explored to heal or prevent these ulcers from forming, these treatments have not been found to be consistently effective in clinical trials. An understanding of the changes in gene expression in the skin of diabetic patients may provide insight into the processes and mechanisms that precede the formation of non-healing ulcers. In this study, we investigated genome wide changes in gene expression in skin between patients with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic patients using next generation sequencing. We compared the gene expression in skin samples taken from 27 patients (13 with type 2 diabetes and 14 non-diabetic). This information may be useful in identifying the causal factors and potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of diabetic related diseases

Bank linkage programme and financial inclusion: A case study of Mysore District

The main problem faced by the lower income group people is the non accessibility of banking and other financial services, which causes hindrance in their social and economic development. These financial products include insurance,credit etc.The great tragedy lies in the fact that sometimes even though there are certain financial services which are specially designed to meet the needs of these low income group people, these people are not aware of it due to illiteracy or any other reason. Thuslack of awareness also leads to the financial exclusion of these people. For the achievement of financial inclusion, the most important goal is to make the banking facilities available to all the unbanked areas and to each and every household. Hardly one-fourth of the rural households are assisted by banks. Hence the major task before banks is to bring most of those excluded, i.e. 75% of the rural households, under banking fold. But the task is not so easy since they are illiterate, poor and unorganized. This paper examines the bank linkage and the measures taken by the banks and problem involved in financial inclusion. The sample has been collected from the 50 respondents in Mysore District. What is needed is to improve their living standards by initiatingnew/increased economic activities with the help of banks, NGO‟s, microfinance, mobile banking, no frill accounts, and local developmental agencies. To start with, it is necessary to develop a fair understanding of their profile. In addition, their perception about the bank and its services needs to be understood. So there is a need for the formal financial system to look at increasing financial literacy, financial counselingand Business correspondentto focus on financial inclusion and distress amongst farmers

The 0.8-4.5μm broadband transmission spectra of TRAPPIST-1 planets

International audienceThe TRAPPIST-1 planetary system represents an exceptional opportunity for the atmospheric characterization of temperate terrestrial exoplanets with the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Assessing the potential impact of stellar contamination on the planets' transit transmission spectra is an essential precursor step to this characterization. Planetary transits themselves can be used to scan the stellar photosphere and to constrain its heterogeneity through transit depth variations in time and wavelength. In this context, we present our analysis of 169 transits observed in the optical from space with K2 and from the ground with the SPECULOOS and Liverpool telescopes. Combining our measured transit depths with literature results gathered in the mid/near-IR with Spitzer/IRAC and HST/WFC3, we construct the broadband transmission spectra of the TRAPPIST-1 planets over the 0.6-4.5 $\mu$m spectral range. While planets b, d, and f spectra show some structures at the 200-300ppm level, the four others are globally flat. Even if we cannot discard their instrumental origins, two scenarios seem to be favored by the data: a stellar photosphere dominated by a few high-latitude giant (cold) spots, or, alternatively, by a few small and hot (3500-4000K) faculae. In both cases, the stellar contamination of the transit transmission spectra is expected to be less dramatic than predicted in recent papers. Nevertheless, based on our results, stellar contamination can still be of comparable or greater order than planetary atmospheric signals at certain wavelengths. Understanding and correcting the effects of stellar heterogeneity therefore appears essential to prepare the exploration of TRAPPIST-1's with JWST