382 research outputs found
Finite Temperature and Dynamical Properties of the Random Transverse-Field Ising Spin Chain
We study numerically the paramagnetic phase of the spin-1/2 random
transverse-field Ising chain, using a mapping to non-interacting fermions. We
extend our earlier work, Phys. Rev. 53, 8486 (1996), to finite temperatures and
to dynamical properties. Our results are consistent with the idea that there
are ``Griffiths-McCoy'' singularities in the paramagnetic phase described by a
continuously varying exponent , where measures the
deviation from criticality. There are some discrepancies between the values of
obtained from different quantities, but this may be due to
corrections to scaling. The average on-site time dependent correlation function
decays with a power law in the paramagnetic phase, namely
, where is imaginary time. However, the typical
value decays with a stretched exponential behavior, ,
where may be related to . We also obtain results for the full
probability distribution of time dependent correlation functions at different
points in the paramagnetic phase.Comment: 10 pages, 14 postscript files included. The discussion of the typical
time dependent correlation function has been greatly expanded. Other papers
of APY are available on-line at http://schubert.ucsc.edu/pete
Numerical Study of Order in a Gauge Glass Model
The XY model with quenched random phase shifts is studied by a T=0 finite
size defect energy scaling method in 2d and 3d. The defect energy is defined by
a change in the boundary conditions from those compatible with the true ground
state configuration for a given realization of disorder. A numerical technique,
which is exact in principle, is used to evaluate this energy and to estimate
the stiffness exponent . This method gives in
2d and in 3d, which are considerably larger than
previous estimates, strongly suggesting that the lower critical dimension is
less than three. Some arguments in favor of these new estimates are given.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, revtex. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Griffiths-McCoy singularities in the transverse field Ising model on the randomly diluted square lattice
The site-diluted transverse field Ising model in two dimensions is studied
with Quantum-Monte-Carlo simulations. Its phase diagram is determined in the
transverse field (Gamma) and temperature (T) plane for various (fixed)
concentrations (p). The nature of the quantum Griffiths phase at zero
temperature is investigated by calculating the distribution of the local
zero-frequency susceptibility. It is pointed out that the nature of the
Griffiths phase is different for small and large Gamma.Comment: 21 LaTeX (JPSJ macros included), 12 eps-figures include
Numerical Study of Spin and Chiral Order in a Two-Dimensional XY Spin Glass
The two dimensional XY spin glass is studied numerically by a finite size
scaling method at T=0 in the vortex representation which allows us to compute
the exact (in principle) spin and chiral domain wall energies. We confirm
earlier predictions that there is no glass phase at any finite T. Our results
strongly support the conjecture that both spin and chiral order have the same
correlation length exponent . We obtain preliminary results
in 3d.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, revte
Critical Behavior and Griffiths-McCoy Singularities in the Two-Dimensional Random Quantum Ising Ferromagnet
We study the quantum phase transition in the two-dimensional random Ising
model in a transverse field by Monte Carlo simulations. We find results similar
to those known analytically in one-dimension. At the critical point, the
dynamical exponent is infinite and the typical correlation function decays with
a stretched exponential dependence on distance. Away from the critical point
there are Griffiths-McCoy singularities, characterized by a single,
continuously varying exponent, z', which diverges at the critical point, as in
one-dimension. Consequently, the zero temperature susceptibility diverges for a
RANGE of parameters about the transition.Comment: 4 pages RevTeX, 3 eps-figures include
Quantum Spin Glasses
Ising spin glasses in a transverse field exhibit a zero temperature quantum
phase transition, which is driven by quantum rather than thermal fluctuations.
They constitute a universality class that is significantly different from the
classical, thermal phase transitions. Most interestingly close to the
transition in finite dimensions a quantum Griffiths phase leads to drastic
consequences for various physical quantities: for instance diverging magnetic
susceptibilities are observable over a whole range of transverse field values
in the disordered phase.Comment: 10 pages LaTeX (Springer Lecture Notes style file included), 1
eps-figure; Review article for XIV Sitges Conference: Complex Behavior of
Glassy System
Domain Wall Renormalization Group Study of XY Model with Quenched Random Phase Shifts
The XY model with quenched random disorder is studied by a zero temperature
domain wall renormalization group method in 2D and 3D. Instead of the usual
phase representation we use the charge (vortex) representation to compute the
domain wall, or defect, energy. For the gauge glass corresponding to the
maximum disorder we reconfirm earlier predictions that there is no ordered
phase in 2D but an ordered phase can exist in 3D at low temperature. However,
our simulations yield spin stiffness exponents in 2D
and in 3D, which are considerably larger than
previous estimates and strongly suggest that the lower critical dimension is
less than three. For the XY spin glass in 3D, we obtain a spin
stiffness exponent which supports the existence of
spin glass order at finite temperature in contrast with previous estimates
which obtain . Our method also allows us to study
renormalization group flows of both the coupling constant and the disorder
strength with length scale . Our results are consistent with recent analytic
and numerical studies suggesting the absence of a re-entrant transition in 2D
at low temperature. Some possible consequences and connections with real vortex
systems are discussed.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, revtex
The metastate approach to thermodynamic chaos
In realistic disordered systems, such as the Edwards-Anderson (EA) spin
glass, no order parameter, such as the Parisi overlap distribution, can be both
translation-invariant and non-self-averaging. The standard mean-field picture
of the EA spin glass phase can therefore not be valid in any dimension and at
any temperature. Further analysis shows that, in general, when systems have
many competing (pure) thermodynamic states, a single state which is a mixture
of many of them (as in the standard mean-field picture) contains insufficient
information to reveal the full thermodynamic structure. We propose a different
approach, in which an appropriate thermodynamic description of such a system is
instead based on a metastate, which is an ensemble of (possibly mixed)
thermodynamic states. This approach, modelled on chaotic dynamical systems, is
needed when chaotic size dependence (of finite volume correlations) is present.
Here replicas arise in a natural way, when a metastate is specified by its
(meta)correlations. The metastate approach explains, connects, and unifies such
concepts as replica symmetry breaking, chaotic size dependence and replica
non-independence. Furthermore, it replaces the older idea of non-self-averaging
as dependence on the bulk couplings with the concept of dependence on the state
within the metastate at fixed coupling realization. We use these ideas to
classify possible metastates for the EA model, and discuss two scenarios
introduced by us earlier --- a nonstandard mean-field picture and a picture
intermediate between that and the usual scaling/droplet picture.Comment: LaTeX file, 49 page
Short-Range Ising Spin Glass: Multifractal Properties
The multifractal properties of the Edwards-Anderson order parameter of the
short-range Ising spin glass model on d=3 diamond hierarchical lattices is
studied via an exact recursion procedure. The profiles of the local order
parameter are calculated and analysed within a range of temperatures close to
the critical point with four symmetric distributions of the coupling constants
(Gaussian, Bimodal, Uniform and Exponential). Unlike the pure case, the
multifractal analysis of these profiles reveals that a large spectrum of the
-H\"older exponent is required to describe the singularities of the
measure defined by the normalized local order parameter, at and below the
critical point. Minor changes in these spectra are observed for distinct
initial distributions of coupling constants, suggesting an universal spectra
behavior. For temperatures slightly above T_{c}, a dramatic change in the
function is found, signalizing the transition.Comment: 8 pages, LaTex, PostScript-figures included but also available upon
request. To be published in Physical Review E (01/March 97
Imogolite nanotubes: a 2D x-ray scattering study of films of oriented samples
International audienceInorganic nanotubes represent an emerging class of nanobuilding blocks. Among them, imogolites are alumino-silicate or alumino-germanate nanotubes with well controlled diameter and helicity. As such, they constitute a model platform for the study of molecular interactions and confinement at the nanoscale, complementing the one constituted by carbon nanotubes. We focus here on double-walled alumino-germanate nanotubes, discovered very recently [1]. They are formed of two concentric tubes (figure inset), with respective internal diameters of 1.6 and 3.1nm and up to 1 micron in length [2]. We report the first experimental study, using wide angle x-ray scattering, performed on films of oriented nanotubes (figure). Structural changes of the nanotubes and behavior of the confined water under heating are investigated in-situ. The study of oriented samples gives new information that is not available with powder diffraction. Above all, the contribution to the scattering signal of internal and external tubes can be separated as well as the translational/rotational correlations. The use of wide image plate detectors allows one to access large area of the reciprocal space in a single image. Simulations of the two-dimensionnal scattering diagrams will be presented. A key question, the correlation between internal and external tube, which is of great interest for understanding friction properties at the nanoscale, will be discussed
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