The impact of minimum wage policy on hours of work, happiness and quality of life: The perception of employees in the rubber estates of Kedah, Malaysia

This study aims to investigate the relationship between hours of work, quality of life, and happiness with success of Minimum Wage Policy implementation among rubber estates employees in the agricultural sector. The relationship between those variables are predicted based on relevant literature, and are tested using survey results from 66 respondents or rubber estates employees in Kedah. Descriptive statistics analysis used to analyse the corresponding characteristics of the sample. Reliability of measures is established by testing for both consistency and stability. Pearson‟s Correlation used to test the relationships between minimum wage and hours of work, minimum wage and happiness, and minimum wage and quality of life. Overall results indicated that all the independent variables such as hours of work, happiness, and quality of life were significant influences by the Minimum Wage Policy. It can be observed that minimum wage is positively correlated with hours of work, happiness and quality of life. It also can be concluded that there is a small shock effect of minimum wage policy on hour of work and quality of life and a big shock effect of minimum wage policy on happiness. Moreover, the findings of this study can encourage the government to appreciate the effects of the minimum wage policy and ensure adequate monitoring with the aim of allowing estates adjust and minimize adverse effects on hours of work, happiness, and quality of life of employees. Moreover, it also will provide a useful guidance to the policy makers of other developing countries in implementation a new policy for future development especially in the agricultural secto

Traditions of Worship in Paalaitthinai

The social practice of religion and worship has continued from prehistoric times to the present day. It involves the initial stages of life in which the universe has operated from time immemorial. Ancestor worship is an expression of the fact that the present follows the past through its memories. They have performed worship as a symbol of the faith that forms the foundation of the ancient people. They had worshipped Goddess Kotravai as the inspiration for their victory. Moreover, they had performed the worship of the Sepulchral Stone for the dead, the sword worship that was the cause of victory, the worship of nature as a result of fear, and the worship of the dead on the basis of the soul

Influence of physical and chemical mutagens on quantitative characters of Vigna mungo (L. Hepper)

Seeds of Urdbean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) Variety Vamban1 was mutagenised with physical and chemical mutagens namely, gamma rays, EMS and dES. In the M1 generation germination percentage, plant growth and yield parameters were adversely affected in the mutagenic treatments and the effects were more pronounced in higher doses indicating almost a linear relationship. The LD50 value was observed in 15 mM of EMS and 25 mM of dES and 60 kR of gamma rays. The increasing dose / concentrations of gamma rays, EMS and dES decreased in phenotypic and yield characters. The decrease quantitative and yield characters have been attributed to the physiological disturbance or chromosomal damage caused to the cells of the plant by the mutagen.ÂÂ

Worship Traditions in Pictorial Poetry

Praying to a deity for the sake of devotion is called worship. Tolkappiyam, the oldest book of Tamil, beautifully demonstrates that the deity has always been given priority in Tamil society. Even today, when we start an activity, it is customary for the Tamil community to start worshipping the deities of their clans and the deities of their choice. Worship arises from the lifestyle of the worshippers. Faith in God arises on the basis of the kind of social system a society has created and the system in which it receives its external necessities of life, such as food, clothing, and books. Just as the deities worshipped differed, so did the methods of worship in various ways. This can be understood from the literature created during the respective periods. That the worship of God was the first act of any action is evidenced by the fact that whatever kind of literature it may be, it began with the prayer to God. The pictorial poems, which are highlighted as one of the four poets sung together with the richness of literature combining painting, mathematics, and musical skills, are often sung in praise of God. Although there are many varieties of pictorial poems, among them, the types of pictorial poems that are in the form of bandham (a type) are the vehicles of God and are written in a form of worship associated with a God, which enriches the cult tradition of the Tamil community. In this way, the study identifies the pictorial poems arranged in the categories of Naga Bandham, Peacock Bandham, Anna Bandham, Vel Bandham, Ratha Bandham, Sivalinga Bandham, Malai Bandham, and Kamala Bandham

Women's psychological Problems in Akananuru

Psychology is an attempt to learn about the behavior of all living things. Especially the personal quest to know oneself, pertaining to one's feelings, thoughts and actions. Psychology is the science of behavior and it's types. Self-contradictory coherence and social harmony are dual components of psychological well-being. Deficiency in any of these causes feelings of internal troubles, internal struggle, and internal tension. Such struggles and problems are revealed in the sangam literary songs. The aim of the study is to explore the psychological problems of women in Akananuru

ISOLATION OF TAXOL PRODUCING FUSICOCCUM SPECIES FROM CURRY LEAF AND ITS RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA ANALYSIS

ABSTRACTObjective: The potential compound of taxol has been used treatment of cancer in the medical field. This study is focused on the extraction of taxolfrom Fusicoccum sp.Methods: The pathogenic strain was grown in MID medium for the taxol production and extracted from the Fusicoccum culture filtrate and processedto the ultraviolet (UV)-spectroscopy analysis as well as infrared (IR) spectra analysis was done, and the sample was performed to the high-performancecolumn chromatography and further processed to the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of specific primer is PGFO1, PGFO2 areperformed.Results: UV-visible spectral analysis showed maximum value for 273 nm. The result of IR-spectrum analysis to find out the functional groups presentin sample and characteristic peak to conform the existences of OH group. The presence of taxol was confirmed using column chromatography.An analysis of taxol production was on the external standard of authentic taxol. The column chromatography process shows the amount of taxolproduction by Fusicoccum spp. 325 µg/L. RAPD analysis indicates the genetic relation among all isolates of fungus was analyzed by two randomprimers PGF01 and PGF02.Conclusion: The present investigation revealed that the taxol production from biological source was a significant effect, and the presence of taxolamount is analysis in Fusicoccum sp. 325 µg/L. The RAPD analysis of genetic stability of in vitro grown fungus and genotypic with two differentprimers shows that five fungus species with corresponding primer efficiency was amplified.Keywords: Taxol production, Fusicoccum sp., Ultraviolet-spectroscopy, Infrared, Spectrum analysis, Scanning electron microscopy

Face threats in threads: assessing the responses to impoliteness in Facebook comments on 1MDB

Impoliteness has become common among online users and appears to be consented by netizens. This study seeks to investigate the reaction to impoliteness from the perspective of face-threat witnesses (FTWs) in Facebook comments. Twelve news posts on Facebook regarding the 1MDB scandal in 2015 were selected, and impolite comment threads that were reactions to the news were extracted. Fifty-two threads were found to contain impolite comments targeted at non-participants of this interaction, thus corresponding to the characteristics of face-threat witnesses. Dobs and Blitvich’s (2013) model for participant response options, Culpeper’s (2011, 2016) Conventionalised Impoliteness Formulae (CIF) and Bousfield’s (2007) list of defensive counter-strategies were used to analyse the responses. Impolite responses by the FTWs were found to be atypical. Denying the opposition either via being offensive or defensive subjugated the preference in the findings, though offensive appeared more prominently. Apart from deny opposition, corroborate opposition, and react, the current study also discovered new categories for the response options which did not fit in any of the categories, hence labelled as Distinct Features. The FTWs not only sanctioned impoliteness, but initial impoliteness in their responses, despite being ‘other-directed'

Computer-aided design of selective COX2 inhibitors: molecular docking of structurally diverse cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors using FlexX

Motivation: Three-dimensional structures of pharmacologically important macromolecules offer a route to the discovery of new drugs. Understanding the macromolecule-ligand interactions and validation of method used for docking and virtual screening of chemical databases is crucial step in structure-based design. We therefore carried out molecular docking for a set of eighty two structurally diverse COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors including traditional NSAIDs and the recent developed coxibs using FlexX method to find out how good this method differentiate between the active and inactive compounds. Method: FlexX is one of the fast flexible docking method that uses an incremental construction algorithm to place ligands into an active site. The scoring function (empirical binding free energy) of the flexX used to estimate the free binding energy of the protein-ligand complex is called F_score. Results: Reproducibility of the experimental conformations of the bound ligands such as SC-558, indomethacin, flurbiprofen indicates the better performance of FlexX method. Good correlation between the standard FlexX score (F_score) and the COX-2 inhibitory activity (pIC50) was observed. Simple linear regression analysis provided the correlation coefficient values of 0.731 and 0.670 for two classes of COX-2 inhibitors. Conclusions: Flexible docking of eighty two structurally diverse COX-2 inhibitors have been successfully carried out. Some false positives and false negatives were observed but considering the limitations of the available docking programs, the results are encouraging. The detailed analysis of the resulted COX-2-ligand complexes may improve our knowledge in understanding the binding interactions in detail. Thus, this study will be useful for the design of novel COX-2 inhibitors based on docking and the resulted bioactive conformations of the ligands will be useful in building structure-based 3-D QSAR model