7 research outputs found
Ăvaluation de la VariabilitĂ© GĂ©nĂ©tique dâUne Collection de Bananiers Plantain (Musa sp.) CultivĂ©s en CĂŽte dâIvoire Ă Partir dâUne CaractĂ©risation Agro-morphologique
La banane plantain est un produit de grande consommation en CĂŽte dâIvoire. Dans le but dâaccroĂźtre les rendements par la crĂ©ation de variĂ©tĂ©s performantes, une bonne connaissance de la diversitĂ© des accessions existante est indispensable. Dans cette optique, la diversitĂ© agro-morphologique de la collection de bananiers du Centre National de SpĂ©cialisation plantain (CNS-Plantain) composĂ©e de 42 accessions a Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©e sur la base de 38 variables qualitatives et quantitatives selon le descripteur de lâIPGRI-INIBHP/CIRAD 1996. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© des diffĂ©rences significatives entre les accessions au niveau morphologique, des caractĂšres de production et des rendements. Lâanalyse en composantes principales (ACP) et la classification ascendante hiĂ©rarchique (CAH) ont montrĂ© une importante variabilitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique et ont permis dâidentifier 5 groupes de bananiers dans la collection. Le groupe des French (Groupe 1) et le groupe de banane Ă cuire de type ABB (Groupe 5) sont caractĂ©risĂ©s par un nombre de mains Ă©levĂ©s (6 Ă 16), des fruits courts et nombreux (53 Ă 192) et donc de gros rĂ©gimes avec un long cycle de production pour les French. Le groupe des Faux-cornes (Groupe 3) possĂšde 4 Ă 8 mains avec des fruits de taille moyenne et peu nombreux (14 Ă 57) et un cycle de production plus court. Les individus du groupe 2 (BĂątard) possĂšdent des fruits de taille et de nombre intermĂ©diaire entre les French et les Faux-cornes. Dans le quatriĂšme groupe (Vrai-cornes), les accessions sont caractĂ©risĂ©es par des fruits de grande taille et peu nombreux (7 Ă 20). Cette diversitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique offre ainsi une grande possibilitĂ© de choix de gĂ©niteurs pour la crĂ©ation de variĂ©tĂ©s amĂ©liorĂ©es de banane plantain en CĂŽte dâIvoire.
The plantain banana is a widely consumed product in CĂŽte d'Ivoire. In order to increase yields by creating high-performance varieties, a good knowledge of the diversity of existing accessions is important. Thus, the agro-morphological diversity of the banana collection of the National Center for Plantain Specialization (CNS-Plantain) composed of 42 accessions was analyzed based on 38 qualitative and quantitative variables according to the IPGRI-INIBHP descriptor. /CIRAD 1996. The results showed significant differences between the accessions in terms of morphology, production traits and yields. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical ascending classification (HAC) showed significant genetic variability and identify 5 groups of bananas in the collection. The French group (Group 1) and the ABB-type cooking banana group (Group 5) are characterized by a high number of hands (6 to 16), short and more fruits (53 to 192), therefore a bigger bunch with a long production cycle for the French. The False horn group (Group 3) has 4 to 8 hands with medium-sized and few fruits (14 to 57) and a shorter production cycle. The accessions of group 2 (BĂątard) have fruits of intermediate size and number between the French and the False horns. In the fourth group (True horns), the accessions are characterized by large and few fruits (7 to 20). Thus, this genetic diversity offers a great possibility of choice of genitors for the creation of improved varieties of plantain in CĂŽte d'Ivoire
Promising High-Yielding Tetraploid Plantain-Bred Hybrids in West Africa
The devastating threat of black leaf streak disease caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis on plantain production in West Africa spurred the development of resistant hybrids. The goal of this research and development (R&D) undertaken was assessing the development and dissemination of two plantain hybrids PITA 3 and FHIA 21 bred in the 1980s by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA, Nigeria) and the Fundaci Ìon Hondureña de Investigacion AgrÌıcola (FHIA, Honduras), respectively. In Cote dâIvoire, plantain growers selected PITA 3 and FHIA 21 based on their improved agronomic characteristics and, between 2012 and 2016, they were massively propagated and distributed to farmers in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote dâIvoire, and Togo under the West Africa Agricultural Productivity Program (WAAAP) coordinated by the West and Central Africa Council for Agricultural Research and Development (CORAF). In 2016, the Centre National de Recherche Agronomique in Cote dâIvoire included the hybrids in the improved cultivar directory. This R&D activity illustrates how three decades of crossbreeding, selection, and distribution led to local acceptance. It also highlights how a CORAF-led partnership harnessed CGIAR research for development. The dissemination and acceptance of these plantain hybrids will enhance the sustainable intensification in plantain-based farming systems across the humid lowlands of West and Central Africa
Effects of Peat and Chiken Litter on Three Cultivars of Plantain in Plants Vivo: FHIA 21, PITA 3 and Horn 1
Aims: This study was carried out to test various substrates made of a mixture of earth with different proportions of organic fertilizing substances to improve the technique of mass production of plantain plantain material, and the multiplication of shelled strains (MSD).
Place and Duration of Study: The study of the growth and development of plantain cultivars FHIA 21, PITA 3 and Horn 1 was carried out in the region of Azaguié, at the production station of plantain banana (Musa pardisiaca) plants of the National Center for Agricultural Research (CNRA) under tunnel and shade for a period of 8 months.
Methodology: The substrates tested were chicken litter and peat mixed with soil in 25%, 50% and 75% proportions. Our study took place from March to November 2014.
Results: For tunnel results, S7 (soil 25% - mature chicken litter 75%) and S6 (soil 50% - mature chicken litter 50%) had positive impacts on the height of the three cultivars, particularly Horn 1 while the dry matter was improved by the substrate S1 earth (100%). The S7 substrate allowed good root production regardless of the cultivar and also increased root branching levels. Under the shade, substrates S7 and S6 negatively influenced the height. The number of roots and the degree of branching of the roots were improved by the substrates S2 (50% earth - 50% peat) and S3 (25% earth - 75% peat). The amounts of dry matter fluctuated without any significant difference. The influence of the two environments on the development and growth parameters of the in vivo plants revealed that the highest values were obtained under tunnel with the exception of the dry matter.
Conclusion: This study confirmed that, there was influence of substrates on the growth and development of plantain banana plants. Substrate S7 gave the best result under tunnel and under shaded substrates S2 and S3. In both environments, S7 substrates had a positive effect on the number of roots emitted