Eating disorders and their putative risk factors among female German professional athletes.

This study examines putative non-sport-specific and sport-specific risk factors for eating disorders (ED) among groups of professional female athletes versus non-athletes. In detail, societal pressure to be thin, its internalisation, body dissatisfaction, sports pressure and early specialisation were investigated. The cross-sectional study included 46 aesthetic and 62 ball game sports athletes, and 108 age-matched non-athletes. Study methods comprised a clinical interview to detect ED and questionnaires. More athletes from aesthetic (17%) than from ball game sports (3%) and non-athletes (2%) suffered from ED. Aesthetic sports athletes did not differ from non-athletes in non-sport-specific factors but obtained higher levels than ball game sports athletes in sport-specific variables (p < .01). All factors together accounted for 57.3% of variation in disordered eating, with sports pressure and body dissatisfaction as significant predictors. The results confirm ED risk for German aesthetic athletes and indicate the importance of sports pressure and body dissatisfaction in explaining athletes' vulnerability.Swiss Anorexia Nervosa Foundation Ruhr‐University Bochum Olympic Support Centre Westphali

Combination of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid with heavy ion therapy shows promising effects in infantile sarcoma cell lines

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>The pan-HDAC inhibitor (HDACI) suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) has previously shown to be a radio-sensitizer to conventional photon radiotherapy (XRT) in pediatric sarcoma cell lines. Here, we investigate its effect on the response of two sarcoma cell lines and a normal tissue cell line to heavy ion irradiation (HIT).</p> <p>Materials and methods</p> <p>Clonogenic assays after different doses of heavy ions were performed. DNA damage and repair were evaluated by measuring γH2AX via flow-cytometry. Apoptosis and cell cycle analysis were also measured via flow cytometry. Protein expression of repair proteins, p53 and p21 were measured using immunoblot analysis. Changes of nuclear architecture after treatment with SAHA and HIT were observed in one of the sarcoma cell lines via light microscopy after staining towards chromatin and γH2AX.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Corresponding with previously reported photon data, SAHA lead to an increase of sensitivity to heavy ions along with an increase of DSB and apoptosis in the two sarcoma cell lines. In contrast, in the osteoblast cell line (hFOB 1.19), the combination of SAHA and HIT showed a significant radio-protective effect. Laser scanning microscopy revealed no significant morphologic changes after HIT compared to the combined treatment with SAHA. Immunoblot analysis revealed no significant up or down regulation of p53. However, p21 was significantly increased by SAHA and combination treatment as compared to HIT only in the two sarcoma cell lines - again in contrast to the osteoblast cell line. Changes in the repair kinetics of DSB p53-independent apoptosis with p21 involvement may be part of the underlying mechanisms for radio-sensitization by SAHA.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our <it>in vitro </it>data suggest an increase of the therapeutic ratio by the combination of SAHA with HIT in infantile sarcoma cell lines.</p

The Holst Action by the Spectral Action Principle

We investigate the Holst action for closed Riemannian 4-manifolds with orthogonal connections. For connections whose torsion has zero Cartan type component we show that the Holst action can be recovered from the heat asymptotics for the natural Dirac operator acting on left-handed spinor fields.Comment: We correct a sign mistake in Proposition 2.3. As a consequence the main result (Theorem 3.4) becomes more natura

Influence of Stimulant Medication and Response Speed on Lateralization of Movement-Related Potentials in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Hyperactivity is one of the core symptoms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, it remains unclear in which way the motor system itself and its development are affected by the disorder. Movement-related potentials (MRP) can separate different stages of movement execution, from the programming of a movement to motor post-processing and memory traces. Pre-movement MRP are absent or positive during early childhood and display a developmental increase of negativity. We examined the influences of response-speed, an indicator of the level of attention, and stimulant medication on lateralized MRP in 16 children with combined type ADHD compared to 20 matched healthy controls. We detected a significantly diminished lateralisation of MRP over the pre-motor and primary motor cortex during movement execution (initial motor potential peak, iMP) in patients with ADHD. Fast reactions (indicating increased visuo-motor attention) led to increased lateralized negativity during movement execution only in healthy controls, while in children with ADHD faster reaction times were associated with more positive amplitudes. Even though stimulant medication had some effect on attenuating group differences in lateralized MRP, this effect was insufficient to normalize lateralized iMP amplitudes.A reduced focal (lateralized) motor cortex activation during the command to muscle contraction points towards an immature motor system and a maturation delay of the (pre-) motor cortex in children with ADHD. A delayed maturation of the neuronal circuitry, which involves primary motor cortex, may contribute to ADHD pathophysiology

Mechanizing and Improving Dependency Pairs

Abstract. The dependency pair technique [1, 11, 12] is a powerful method for automated termination and innermost termination proofs of term rewrite systems (TRSs). For any TRS, it generates inequality constraints that have to be satisfied by well-founded orders. We improve the dependency pair technique by considerably reducing the number of constraints produced for (innermost) termination proofs. Moreover, we extend transformation techniques to manipulate dependency pairs which simplify (innermost) termination proofs significantly. In order to fully mechanize the approach, we show how transformations and the search for suitable orders can be mechanized efficiently. We implemented our results in the automated termination prover AProVE and evaluated them on large collections of examples

Die sechs Gefahren der digitalen Arbeitswelt - und was Sie dagegen tun können

In dem Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekt Digitrain 4.0 wurden sechs Gefahren für die digitale Arbeitswelt identifiziert, mit denen die Betriebe umgehen müssen. Die Forscher haben dafür auch Lösungsansätze entwickelt

Digitalisierungsatlas : die Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt verstehen und gestalten

Vielen Entscheidern fällt es aufgrund der hohen Komplexität schwer, die Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt gezielt im Unternehmen zu gestalten. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie bieten dafür einen empirisch fundierten strukturierten Rahmen. Der Digitalisierungsatlas zeigt auf, welche zentralen Dimensionen der Arbeitswelt sich wie verändern können, wie sie miteinander zusammenhängen und wie sie für digitale Arbeitswelten gestaltbar sind. So können Entscheider gezielt Veränderungsmaßnahmen unter Berücksichtigung aller relevanten Aspekte in ihrem Unternehmen planen und systematisch umsetzen. Dennoch ist der Digitalisierungsatlas nicht als Anleitung für die digitale Transformation zu verstehen, sondern als systematische Orientierungshilfe: Jede Veränderungsmaßnahme eines Unternehmens ist ein individueller Vorgang und kann verschiedene Aspekte der Arbeitswelt in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß betreffen. Dabei ist es wichtig, Aspekte gezielt und nur auf Basis begründeter Überlegungen anzupassen.Due to the high degree of complexity, it is difficult for many decision-makers to concretely grasp the phenomenon of digitization and to shape it specifically in their company. To facilitate this, the results of our study provide an empirically founded structured framework. The Digitization Atlas shows which central dimensions of the working world can change, how they relate to each other, and how they can be shaped for digital work environments. This enables decision makers to plan and systematically implement change activities, taking into account all relevant aspects of their company. Nevertheless, the Digitization Atlas is not to be understood as an instruction manual to the digital transformation, but as a systematic orientation guide: Every change within a company is an individual process and can influence different aspects of the working world to varying degrees. It is important to adapt aspects specifically and only on the basis of well-reasoned considerations

Die digitale Arbeitswelt in ihrer Mehrdimensionalität verstehen: Digitalisierungsatlas und -index

Die digitale Transformation der Arbeitswelt ist deshalb so herausfordernd, da die Arbeitswelt für sich bereits ein komplexes mehrdimensionales System ist, das sich kaum überblicken lässt. Für Unternehmen ist es deshalb wichtig, die Mehrdimensionalität und Komplexität der digitalen Arbeitswelt zu verstehen, hierfür ein gemeinsames Sprachspiel zu entwickeln und auf dieser Basis eine gemeinsame Einschätzung des Status quo der eigenen Arbeitswelt zu beschreiben. Mithilfe von zwei Instrumenten, dem Digitalisierungsatlas und dem Digitalisierungsindex, kann dies gelingen. In diesem Beitrag werden diese Instrumente im Detail dargestellt und es wird erklärt, wie sie Organisationen dabei helfen, zu beschreiben und zu verstehen, wo sie selbst in der digitalen Transformation der Arbeitswelt stehen