L’industrie lithique de la couche III du Roc de Marsal (Dordogne) : le problème de l’attribution d’une série lithique au Moustérien à denticulés

L’industrie de la couche III du Roc de Marsal a été attribuée au Moustérien à denticulés. Un réexamen de l’outillage nous a permis de mettre en évidence la présence de pseudo-outils encochés au sein de cet assemblage. Cette révision a eu pour conséquence une nette diminution de la proportion du groupe des denticulés. Au-delà du problème de l’attribution de certaines industries altérées par des agents naturels ou des actions accidentelles au Moustérien à denticulés, nous nous interrogeons sur la pertinence des caractéristiques uniquement typologiques de ce faciès et, par delà, sur le rattachement systématique d’une industrie à l’un des faciès décrits par F. Bordes.The industry of the layer III from the Roc de Marsal site was attributed to the Denticulate Mousterian. A renewed study of the tool group allowed us to show the presence of notched pseudo-tools among this industry. This revision induced a drastic decrease of Bordes’ group IV ratio. In addition the problem of the Denticulate Mousterian diagnosis in the case of industries altered to natural agents or accidental actions, we question whether the exclusively typological characteristics of this facies are pertinent and the systematic identification of industries as one of the Bordes’ facies is necessary

Diversité des techniques employées lors de la confection des encoches et des denticulés moustériens de Mauran (Haute-Garonne, France)

Les vestiges mis au jour à Mauran résultent d’un cumul de plusieurs occupations saisonnières de plein air liées principalement à une exploitation et une consommation monospécifique de bisons. L’industrie lithique, caractérisée par une grande diversité des matières premières, est rattachée à l’une des manifestations du Moustérien à denticulés.L’étude des encoches et des denticulés montre une certaine variabilité morphologique des tranchants retouchés ainsi que des négatifs d’encoches (morphologie en section, en plan d’angle de l’encoche). Les tranchants n’ont donc pas les mêmes caractéristiques morphologiques et n’offrent pas les mêmes potentialités fonctionnelles. Ces particularités sont à mettre en relation avec les différentes techniques utilisées lors de leur confection. L’objectif de ce travail est de déterminer, par une approche technologique et expérimentale, les techniques à l’origine des caractéristiques très particulières des négatifs d’enlèvements observés sur les encoches et les denticulés archéologiques de Mauran.The archaeological evidence from Mauran Middle Paleolithic open-air site is the result of several consecutive seasonal occupations mainly related with Bison hunting. The lithic industry, characterized by the use of a large number of different raw materials, was related to the Denticulate Mousterian facies. The study of notches and denticulates reveals that the retouched edges and the notches negatives vary morphologically up to a point. Therefore, all the cutting edges do not have the same morphological characteristics and do not show the same functional potential. Those special features should be related with the different techniques used for their making. The aim of this work is to determine, using a technological and experimental approach, which techniques led to the very special scar negatives shown by the Mauran archaeological notches and denticulates

Diversité des techniques employées lors de la confection des encoches et des denticulés moustériens de Mauran (Haute-Garonne, France)

Les vestiges mis au jour à Mauran résultent d’un cumul de plusieurs occupations saisonnières de plein air liées principalement à une exploitation et une consommation monospécifique de bisons. L’industrie lithique, caractérisée par une grande diversité des matières premières, est rattachée à l’une des manifestations du Moustérien à denticulés.L’étude des encoches et des denticulés montre une certaine variabilité morphologique des tranchants retouchés ainsi que des négatifs d’encoches (morphologie en section, en plan d’angle de l’encoche). Les tranchants n’ont donc pas les mêmes caractéristiques morphologiques et n’offrent pas les mêmes potentialités fonctionnelles. Ces particularités sont à mettre en relation avec les différentes techniques utilisées lors de leur confection. L’objectif de ce travail est de déterminer, par une approche technologique et expérimentale, les techniques à l’origine des caractéristiques très particulières des négatifs d’enlèvements observés sur les encoches et les denticulés archéologiques de Mauran.The archaeological evidence from Mauran Middle Paleolithic open-air site is the result of several consecutive seasonal occupations mainly related with Bison hunting. The lithic industry, characterized by the use of a large number of different raw materials, was related to the Denticulate Mousterian facies. The study of notches and denticulates reveals that the retouched edges and the notches negatives vary morphologically up to a point. Therefore, all the cutting edges do not have the same morphological characteristics and do not show the same functional potential. Those special features should be related with the different techniques used for their making. The aim of this work is to determine, using a technological and experimental approach, which techniques led to the very special scar negatives shown by the Mauran archaeological notches and denticulates

Latent disconnectome prediction of long-term cognitive-behavioural symptoms in stroke

Stroke significantly impacts the quality of life. However, the long-term cognitive evolution in stroke is poorly predictable at the individual level. There is an urgent need to better predict long-term symptoms based on acute clinical neuroimaging data. Previous works have demonstrated a strong relationship between the location of white matter disconnections and clinical symptoms. However, rendering the entire space of possible disconnection-deficit associations optimally surveyable will allow for a systematic association between brain disconnections and cognitive-behavioural measures at the individual level. Here we present the most comprehensive framework, a composite morphospace of white matter disconnections (disconnectome) to predict neuropsychological scores 1 year after stroke. Linking the latent disconnectome morphospace to neuropsychological outcomes yields biological insights that are available as the first comprehensive atlas of disconnectome-deficit relations across 86 scores-a Neuropsychological White Matter Atlas. Our novel predictive framework, the Disconnectome Symptoms Discoverer, achieved better predictivity performances than six other models, including functional disconnection, lesion topology and volume modelling. Out-of-sample prediction derived from this atlas presented a mean absolute error below 20% and allowed personalize neuropsychological predictions. Prediction on an external cohort achieved an R2 = 0.201 for semantic fluency. In addition, training and testing were replicated on two external cohorts achieving an R2 = 0.18 for visuospatial performance. This framework is available as an interactive web application (http://disconnectomestudio.bcblab.com) to provide the foundations for a new and practical approach to modelling cognition in stroke. We hope our atlas and web application will help to reduce the burden of cognitive deficits on patients, their families and wider society while also helping to tailor future personalized treatment programmes and discover new targets for treatments. We expect our framework's range of assessments and predictive power to increase even further through future crowdsourcing

The Incidence of AIDS-Defining Illnesses at a Current CD4 Count ≥200 Cells/µL in the Post-Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Era

The incidence of AIDS was higher in patients with a current CD4 count of 500-749 cells/µL compared to 750-999 cells/µL, but did not decrease further at higher CD4 levels. Results were similar in those virologically suppressed on combination antiretroviral therapy, suggesting immune reconstitution is incomplete until CD4 >750/µ

Long-term Mortality in HIV-Positive Individuals Virally Suppressed for >3 Years With Incomplete CD4 Recovery

Virally suppressed HIV-positive individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy who do not achieve a CD4 count >200 cells/µL have substantially increased long-term mortality. The increased mortality was seen across different patient groups and for all causes of deat

Le Moustérien à denticulés (variabilité ou diversité techno-économique ?)

ATHENES-Ecole Fr.Archéologie (991262301) / SudocSudocFranceF

Determination of gluconate in nuclear waste by high-performance liquid chromatography: comparison of pulsed amperometric detection and electrospray mass spectrometry detection

International audienceThe measurement of gluconate is required in the framework of nuclear waste management. Liquid chromatography coupled with amperometric detection proved to be insufficiently selective to quantify gluconate in radioactive effluents due to the complexity of the matrix. An analytical method based on a desalting step and quantification with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was therefore developed. As gluconate may be present as several chelates, speciation simulation studies enabled to determine the prevailing chelate form depending on experimental conditions and thus to optimize sample preparation. The analytical method was successfully applied to real nuclear effluents, with a limit of quantification of 2.6 × 10−5 mol L−1

Are analytical standards and reagents really reliable ?

International audienceQuality assurance is one of the major challenges in analytical chemistry whatever the scope of application. The quality of analytical standards is never questioned, however sometimes odd results are obtained and all the other potential sources of discrepancies are eliminated. So, we investigated the quality of three analytical standards and reagents implemented for radiological and chemical characterizations of nuclear waste. In particular, this work examined the purity of a source of tritiated-labelled dodecane, the trueness and the purity of a DTPA reagent and the trueness of a multi-anions standard used for an intercomparison exercise. It was shown that the source of tritiated-labelled dodecane contains 60 per cent of tritiated-labelled impurities. The trueness of the DTPA concentration was questioned due to the presence of impurities in the solution. It was proven that the long-term stability of the multi-anions standard was not guaranteed for nitrite. The results clearly demonstrated that, although in opposition to intuition, cautiousness has to be taken towards the quality of the analytical standards

Recovery of balance and gait after stroke is deteriorated by confluent white matter hyperintensities: Cohort study

International audienc