Fishermen and Distribution System in the Fishing Sector of the South Central Vietnam

In the past several years, the fishing sector of the South Central Vietnam have been developing sharply, generating over 226 thousands employments. The sector has contributed a share of approximately 70% to the production value of the fisheries nationwide. The primary aim of this research paper is to assess the factual status of labour and income distribution pattern in fishing activities through some aspects: quantity of labors, education levels of fishermen and skippers, and income distribution methods. The results show the most of households in the fisheries are large in size, and the average income of fishermen is high but they almost live in difficult situations. As a result, their life has been dependent on fishing activities, and educational levels remain to be low. Research results are expected to provide policy-makers with useful information regarding development orientations, specially relevant to eliminating hunger and reducing poverty

Several Major Factors Influencing Revenues of the Yellowfin Tuna Long-lining Fishery in Phu Yen Province

Vietnam is in the club of countries gifted with the long coastal line, and strong in marine features accordingly. Fishing operations are artisan characteristic and the management method is primarily open – access. Since the past few years, the yellow fin tuna long- lining fishery has become one sub-sector experiencing high growth rate in the region of South Centre of Vietnam. Phu Yen Province has been a special case in point. Fishers there have invested much capital into developing these ventures that culminates in the sharp increase of vessel numbers, total catch and therefore revenue. This paper is to look into some factors namely engine power (capacity), fishers, production organizations, equipment values, vessel age, baits, education level of skippers, which together impact revenues of the long-lining fishery in Phu Yen Province. Results of the model under examination are statistically significant. Generally, the research findings are consistent to those previously inferred in international papers. Based on this research, some orientations for management have been suggested

Factors Related to Sleep Disturbance among Patients with Lower-limb Fracture undergoing Orthopedic Surgery in Vietnam

Objective: This descriptive correlational study aimed to examine sleep disturbance and its relationships with related factors: pain, position discomfort, and uncertainty among patients with lower-limb fracture undergoing orthopedic surgery from one particular hospital located in Vietnam. Method: The sample included adult patients hospitalized at the Traumatology-Orthopedic unit for orthopedic surgery for fracture of femur, tibia, and fibula bones, emergency or non- emergency. A sample of 90 patients, estimated based on Thorndike’s approach was recruited by purposive sampling technique. Self-report questionnaires to collect data included 1) the patient’s profile record form, 2) Numeric Pain Intensity Scale, 3) Imbilization Comfort Questionnaire, 4) the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale, and 5) Sleep Disturbance Questionnaire. The scales number 3 to 5 yielded Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.86, 0.90, and 0.89, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient. Results: The participants experienced high sleep disturbance (44.70 ± 5.80). In addition, they also moderately suffered from pain (6.37 ± 1.22), position discomfort (79.44 ± 14.22), and uncertainty (87.84 ± 13.00). Sleep disturbance was significantly positively associated with pain, position discomfort, and uncertainty (r = 0.52, P < 0.01; r = 0.32, P < 0.01; r = 0.25, P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Patients with lower-limb fracture undergoing orthopedic surgery in Vietnam faced sleep disturbance, which was associated with pain, position discomfort, and uncertainty. Nursing care should manage sleep disturbance, in part, by alleviating pain discomfort and uncertainty.Keywords: sleep disturbance, lower-limb fracture patients, orthopedic surgery, Vietna

Strategic Risk Determinants Influencing Growth of SMEs: The Case of Vietnam

Risk is inherent in all business functions and in every kind of activities. This is especially true for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) that are most exposed to the harmful effects of the risks, due to limited resources and structural features. Therefore, this study is conducted for identifying the relationship and impact strategic risk determinants including Political risks, Technological risks, Social risks on the growth of 30 small and medium forest enterprises (SMFEs) in Dien Bien as the case study. Political risks, Technological risks, Social risks are independent variables and the growth of SMFEs is a dependent variable. Data were collected through the questionnaire survey and using mean, correlation and regression analysis for this paper. The results show that there is a statistically significant negative correlation between strategic risk determinants on SMFEs growth. Keywords: Political risks, Technological risks, Social risks, Growth, SME

CORE VALUES OF VIETNAM VOCOTRUYEN

In the past every country had a martial arts associated with cultural characters and physical state of its people. Martial arts were not simply the practice of fighting skills, of using arms and legs to settle conflicts or a show of muscular strength. Also, their effects were to enhance health, improve physicality, train will, spirit and good philosophies of life. It is necessary for martial arts practitioners to train both physical and spiritual force, maintain the tradition of teacher deference and moral respect, rituals, orders and disciplines etc.. Vietnamese traditional martial arts (Vocotruyen) are not an exception so it has particularly vital values in life.  Article visualizations

The role of rice fields, fish ponds and water canals for transmission of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes in aquaculture ponds in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam

BACKGROUND: Fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (FZT), such as Clonorchis sinensis, Opistorchis viverini (Opisthorchiidae) and intestinal trematodes of the family Heterophyidae, constitute a public health hazard in Vietnam and infections with these trematodes has been linked to consumption of raw or undercooked fish from aquaculture. The FZT transmission pathways, however, are more complicated than just the presence of intermediate snail hosts in aquaculture ponds as ponds may exchange water with surrounding habitats such as rice fields and irrigation canals and thereby these surrounding habitats may be a source of snails and cercariae and contribute to FZT infection in cultured fish. METHODS: This is a longitudinal descriptive study on selected farms (n = 30) in Nam Dinh Province which is endemic for FZT. At each farm, we sampled one pond, a small irrigation canal used to supply the pond with water, and a nearby rice field. At each of these three sites, we estimated the density of the FZT intermediate snail hosts and determined their trematode infection status. Comparative analysis was performed for the prevalence and density of FZT infections in fish and snails. RESULTS: Species of the Thiaridae, and most notably Melanoides tuberculata, the most important host species for FZT belonging to the Heterophyidae, were particularly abundant in ponds and small canals, i.e. M. tuberculata was found in 27 ponds and 13 small canals. Bithynia fuchsiana, a potential host for both Heterophyidae and Opisthorchiidae, was rarely found in fish ponds but common in rice fields. A total of 12 types of cercariae were found in the snails and pleurolophocercous cercariae, primarily FZT, constituted about 40 % of all cercarial infections. The fish species cultured were mainly carp species and Haplorchis pumilio was the dominating trematode species infecting fish. Clonorchis spp. were not recorded in any of the ponds. FZT transmission to fish was intense during the summer period (May-June to November) but less intense during the winter months (December-January) partly because cercarial emergence ceases due to the low temperature. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight the complexity of FZT transmission within aquaculture farm settings and suggest that efforts to control these infections must take a holistic approach using interventions against all stages of the transmission cycle

THE READING CULTURE OF ENGLISH MAJORED STUDENTS AT TAY DO UNIVERSITY, VIETNAM

In the 21st century, the development of many modern entertainment facilities makes people rarely focus on reading books. So, the reading culture gradually fell into oblivion. In reality, when teachers ask students about their reading habit, students often say “we seldom read books”, they mostly read books because of teacher requests or school assignments. Therefore, the research “The reading culture of English majored students at Tay Do University” was conducted with the purpose of helping English linguistic students to acknowledge the importance of reading books. Thanks to this, they can find their own situations and spend more time reading books. The participants of this study were 100 English majored students of four classes including English Linguistic 10B, 11A, 12C and 13A at Tay Do University that were chosen randomly. The instrument used in this thesis was the questionnaire. The data from questionnaires were statistically analyzed by SPSS English version 20.0 package. Based on research results, the researcher found out some common students’ thoughts on reading culture as well as solutions to develop their reading culture in the future.  Article visualizations

Purification and characterization of novel fibrinolytic proteases as potential antithrombotic agents from earthworm Perionyx excavatus

Six protease fractions, namely FI, FII, FIII-1, FIII-2, FIII-3 and FIV, were isolated from Perionyx excavatus earthworm biomass by acetone precipitation, followed by serial chromatography using anion exchange, hydrophobic interaction and size exclusion chromatography. All fractions exhibited strong hydrolytic activity towards casein. The activity of six fractions towards fibrin, determined by fibrin plate assay, ranged from 44 to 831 plasmin unit.mg-1 and ranked as FIII-3 > FIII-2 > FI > FIII-1 > FIV > FII. Casein degradation was optimal at pH 7 and 11, and at 45-60°C. All fractions were considerably stable at high temperature and wide pH range. They were completely inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). The molecular weights (MW) and isoelectric points (pI) determined by 2D-electrophoresis were 27.5-34.5 kDa, and 4.3-5.2, respectively. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis was used to deduce the amino acid sequences of some peptides from FIII-1 and FIII-2. The sequences shared 16.9% and 13.2% similarity, respectively, with the fibrinolytic enzymes from two related earthworm species, Lumbricus rubellus and Eisenia fetida. The P. excavatus proteases were classified as serine proteases. They could perform rapid hydrolysis on both coagulated fibrous fibrin and soluble fibrinogen monomers without the presence of activators such as tPA or urokinase

Judd Ofelt Analysis and Optical Properties of Eu3+^{3 + } Doped Tellurite Glasses

In this work, the structural characteristic and photoluminescence properties of Eu$^{3 + }$ doped B$_{2}$O$_{3}$-TeO$_{2}$ -ZnO-Na$_{2}$O glasses were investigated. These glasses were prepared by a melting method in air, combined with thermal annealing at 350$^{\circ}$C, 450$^{\circ}$C and 550$^{\circ}$C for different duration times. The structural analysis results of these glasses revealed the formation of micro-crystals in the annealed host glass. The photoluminescence spectra of Eu$^{3 + }$ doped in these samples were observed. The local vibration mode around Eu$^{3 + }$ ions was investigated by the phonon side-band (PSB) associated with $^{7}\!F_{0}-^{5}D_{2}$ transition of Eu$^{3+}$. Judd-Ofelt parameters were then evaluated based on photoluminescence spectra and the luminescence intensity ratios of $^{5}D_{0} \to ^{7}\!F_{J}$ ($J=2, 4$ and 6) to $^{5}D_{0} \to ^{7}\!F_{1}$ transition were predicted. The obtained results were then used to calculate $\Omega _{2},\;\Omega _{4},\; \Omega _{6}$ parameters based on Judd-Ofelt theory. These $\Omega _{2}$, $\Omega _{4}$, $\Omega _{6}$ parameters allow to derive radiative properties of Eu$^{3 + }$ ions in glass material such as transition probabilities, radiative lifetimes and peak stimulated emission cross-section for the $^{5}D_{0} \to ^{7}\!F_{J}$ transitions