Performance implications of exploratory and exploitative innovation: the role of management control systems

Drawing on prominent theories of innovation, this study investigates the inter-relationships between the use of management control systems (MCS), exploratory innovation, exploitative innovation, and firm performance in Vietnam, an emerging market. The research hypotheses were empirically tested using a partial least squares-structural equation model. Data were collected by survey questionnaires from a sample of 238 top-level and middle-level managers in Vietnamese firms. The results confirm that the diagnostic use of MCS has a significant positive effect on exploitative innovation and the interactive use of MCS has a significant positive effect on both exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation. The results also reveal that exploitative innovation and exploratory innovation partially mediate the relationship between the interactive use of MCS and firm performance. Understanding these relationships can assist Vietnamese firms to invest appropriately in MCS that is able to promote innovation actions, thereby achieving outstanding performance

TẠO DÒNG CÁC GEN MÃ HÓA CHITINASE 42 kDa CỦA Trichoderma asperellum VÀO VECTOR BIỂU HIỆN THỰC VẬT pMYV719 ĐỂ PHỤC VỤ CHUYỂN GEN

In this study, chitinase genes containing a signal peptide sequence, such as Chi42, syncodChi42-1 and syncodChi42-2, were cloned in the plant expression vector pMYV719 and successfully transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404. Among them, Chi42 is a wild-type gene of Trichoderma asperellum SH16. Both genes syncodChi42-1 and syncodChi42-2 are derived from Chi42, which was optimized for codon usage for plant expression. Agrobacterium bacteria-harbouring pMYV719/chitinase vector was used for genetic transformation into peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) to enhance resistance to phytopathogenic fungi in further studies.Trong nghiên cứu này, các gen chitinase mang trình tự peptide tín hiệu như Chi42, syncodChi42-1 và syncodChi42-2 đã được tạo dòng trong vector biểu hiện thực vật pMYV719 và biến nạp thành công vào vi khuẩn Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404. Trong đó, gen Chi42 là kiểu gen hoang dại từ chủng nấm Trichoderma asperellum SH16. Hai gen syncodChi42-1 và syncodChi42-2 có nguồn gốc từ gen Chi42 đã được tối ưu hóa bộ ba sử dụng để biểu hiện thực vật. Vi khuẩn A. tumefaciens mang các gen chitinase được sử dụng để chuyển gen vào cây lạc (Arachis hypogaea L.) trong các nghiên cứu tiếp theo để cải thiện khả năng kháng nấm bệnh của chúng

Morphological Traits and Nuclear Genetic Diversity of Coptis sp. in Hoang Lien National Park, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam

Coptis is a medicinal plant genus in the Ranunculaceae family, and is also known as “Hoang Lien” in Vietnamese. It is a perennial herb that grows in some regions of the world. However, Coptis is endangered and faces global threats. This study aimed to characterize some main morphological characteristics and performed a phylogenetic analysis of 11 samples of Coptis sp. collected from Hoang Lien National Park using nuclear DNA sequence analyses. All sample species have unique morphological traits with distinct yellow rhizomes and basal leaves with five segments. The petiole measures 13-25 cm and is smooth, while the leaf blade is ovate, ranging from 7 to 15.5 cm in length and 5.5 to 14 cm in width. The leaves are subleathery, glabrous on the underside, and sparsely puberulous on the veins on the upper side. The molecular characterization of Coptis sp. genotypes was determined by ITS markers. The length of the ITS1-ITS2 sequences varied from 363 to 371 nucleotides. The average nucleotide composition was 17.11% A, 31.25% C, 32.247% G and 19.41% T, respectively. The comparison with the GenBank database showed that the samples had 95.71- 96.37% similarity with the species Coptis quinquesecta. The genetic distance among the 11 Coptis samples fluctuated from 0.00 to 0.017. A neighbor-joining tree was constructed to show the genetic relationships among Coptis samples. The results indicated that this endangered species had low levels of genetic diversity. The study has provided valuable information for genetic-based conservation of this rare endemic species and suggested some conservation strategies

Differentiation Effect of Two Alkaloid Fractions from Vietnamese Lycopodiaceae on Mouse Neural Stem Cells

Various Lycopodium alkaloids have been studied for their various biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective activities. Moreover, these alkaloid compounds have high potential in the treatment of neuron degenerative disease. This study has been carried out to test the effect of Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trevis, and Lycopodium clavatum L alkaloid fractions on the mouse neural stem cells (NSCs). Firstly, the alkaloid fractions were used to verify its toxicity on NSCs. The multiple concentrations of alkaloid fractions from H. serrata (0.044; 0.088; 0.175; 0.35; 0.7; 1.4 mg/ml) and L. clavatum (0.031; 0.063; 0.125; 0.25; 0.50; 1.0; 2.0 mg/ml) have been used for the treatment of NSCs at period of 48h incubation. Results of the study suggested that the IC50 value of H. serrata and L. clavatum was 0.56 mg/ml and 0.50 mg/ml, respectively. Then, the NSCs were differentiated in the presence of 5 and 10 µg/ml of alkaloid fraction from H. serrata; 0.625 and 1.25 µg/ml of alkaloid fraction from L. clavatum for 6 days. Here, we observed the primary NSCs treated with alkaloid fraction extract from H. serrata showed the increased gene expression level of early neuron TUBB3 and neuron-specific cytoskeleton MAP2. On the other hand, the L. clavatum alkaloid fraction increased the expression of neural stem cell marker genes (Nestin and PAX6) and decreased neuron marker genes. In conclusion, these results established that alkaloid fraction from H. serrata promoted differentiation of the mouse NSCs to neuron cells, and L. clavatum extract had a capacity for stemness maintenance

How Digital Natives Learn and Thrive in the Digital Age: Evidence from an Emerging Economy

As a generation of ‘digital natives,’ secondary students who were born from 2002 to 2010 have various approaches to acquiring digital knowledge. Digital literacy and resilience are crucial for them to navigate the digital world as much as the real world; however, these remain under-researched subjects, especially in developing countries. In Vietnam, the education system has put considerable effort into teaching students these skills to promote quality education as part of the United Nations-defined Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4). This issue has proven especially salient amid the COVID−19 pandemic lockdowns, which had obliged most schools to switch to online forms of teaching. This study, which utilizes a dataset of 1061 Vietnamese students taken from the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)’s “Digital Kids Asia Pacific (DKAP)” project, employs Bayesian statistics to explore the relationship between the students’ background and their digital abilities. Results show that economic status and parents’ level of education are positively correlated with digital literacy. Students from urban schools have only a slightly higher level of digital literacy than their rural counterparts, suggesting that school location may not be a defining explanatory element in the variation of digital literacy and resilience among Vietnamese students. Students’ digital literacy and, especially resilience, also have associations with their gender. Moreover, as students are digitally literate, they are more likely to be digitally resilient. Following SDG4, i.e., Quality Education, it is advisable for schools, and especially parents, to seriously invest in creating a safe, educational environment to enhance digital literacy among students

ĐẶC ĐIỂM TƯỚNG ĐÁ - CỔ ĐỊA LÝ PLEISTOCEN MUỘN-HOLOCEN KHU VỰC CỬA SÔNG BA LẠT

Lithofacies and paleogeographical characteristics of late Pleistocene-Holocene deposits are related to three sedimentary system tracts: Lowstand systems tract (LST) corresponds to the low regressive phase from 50 ka BP to 18 ka BP. The sedimentary accumulative space is situated from the boundary of weathering crust to the 100 m water depth. In Ba Lat rivermouth area, the lowstand systems tract is dominated by the alluvial silty sand facies group (arLST); Transgressive systems tract (TST) in Ba Lat rivermouth area constitutes a lithofacies section including three facies in upward direction as follows: (1) Transgressive alluvial silty - sand facies (atTST). (2) Transgressive estuary sandy - mud facies (amtTST). (3) Lagoonal maximum transgressive greenish clay facies (mtTST); Highstand systems tract (HST) in the downstream Red river delta area constitutes a deltaic plain structure consisting of three parts: High subaerial delta, low subaerial delta and subaqueous delta, which had been formed from 5 ka BP.Đặc điểm tuớng đá - cổ địa lý trầm tích Pleistocen muộn-Holocen khu vực cửa sông Ba Lạt gắn liền với ba miền hệ thống trầm tích: Miền hệ thống trầm tích biển thấp (LST) tương ứng với pha biển thoái thấp từ 50.000 năm BP đến 18.000 năm cách ngày nay. Không gian tích tụ của miền hệ thống này được giới hạn từ ranh giới miền xâm thực (vỏ phong hóa) đến độ sâu 100 m nước. Trong khu vực cửa Ba Lạt nhóm tướng aluvi biển thoái thống trị (arLST); Miền hệ thống trầm tích biển tiến (TST) trong khu vực cửa sông Ba Lạt cấu thành một mặt cắt gồm ba tướng từ dưới lên: (1) tướng cát bột aluvi biển tiến (atTST), (2) tướng bùn cát cửa sông biển tiến (amtTST) và (3) tướng sét xám xanh vũng vịnh biển tiến cực đại (mtTST); Miền hệ thống trầm tích biển cao (HST) trong khu vực hạ lưu châu thổ sông Hồng tạo nên một cấu trúc đồng bằng châu thổ bao gồm: Đồng bằng châu thổ cao, Đồng bằng châu thổ thấp và châu thổ ngập nước có tuổi từ 5.000 năm BP