Variation in Environmental Risk Perceptions and Information Sources among Three Communities in El Paso

The authors report the results of a pilot study of environmental risk and sources of environmental information in three socio-economically and culturally distinct communities in Texas

Transitioning Health Educators to Clinical Settings

Objective: A support model consisting of a local health educators’ network, a technical assistance team with academic and practice experts, and an evolving sequence of professional continuing education activities supported health educators transitioning from community or school health education sites to health care sites as part of the Clinic Health Education and Life Style Promotion Project (Clinic HELP) designed to increase health education options for individuals within the Paso del Norte Region of the United States-Mexico Border. Methods: Focus groups, interviews and surveys were used to evaluate intervention activities designed to assist in the transition. Results/Conclusions: Lack of familiarity with health care settings and role delineation were identified as barriers while “expert” sounding boards, professional development activities, and advanced education assisted in the transition. Use of the professional network was less than anticipated. Practice Implications: Based on the Clinic HELP experience, recommendations are provided for professional education and support for health educators within clinical practice settings

Integrating Health Education into Clinical Settings

In the United States, health concerns such as food insecurity and obesity continue to rise among American households (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003). Poor dietary intake can result in poor health outcomes as well as negatively impact student academic performance (Sigman-Grant, 2003). Despite the growing health concerns among the youth, limited studies have examined the dietary patterns of the Mexican-American adolescent population. This study aims to fill that void by describing the dietary intake of predominantly Mexican-American adolescents 13-18 years of age (n=532). The study design was cross-sectional and randomly selected high school participants based on their enrollment in physical education classes. Results of a one day 24-hour dietary recall showed both males and females in this study were below the national recommendations for total calories per day and reported poor eating behaviors. Further research is needed to investigate food insufficiency in this population who has high prevalence of overweight

Characterizing Emerging Canine H3 Influenza Viruses.

The continual emergence of novel influenza A strains from non-human hosts requires constant vigilance and the need for ongoing research to identify strains that may pose a human public health risk. Since 1999, canine H3 influenza A viruses (CIVs) have caused many thousands or millions of respiratory infections in dogs in the United States. While no human infections with CIVs have been reported to date, these viruses could pose a zoonotic risk. In these studies, the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) network collaboratively demonstrated that CIVs replicated in some primary human cells and transmitted effectively in mammalian models. While people born after 1970 had little or no pre-existing humoral immunity against CIVs, the viruses were sensitive to existing antivirals and we identified a panel of H3 cross-reactive human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) that could have prophylactic and/or therapeutic value. Our data predict these CIVs posed a low risk to humans. Importantly, we showed that the CEIRS network could work together to provide basic research information important for characterizing emerging influenza viruses, although there were valuable lessons learned

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Cross-border utilization of health care services by United States residents living near the Mexican border Utilización transfronteriza de los servicios de salud por residentes en los Estados Unidos que viven cerca de la frontera con México

OBJECTIVES: To determine what proportion of El Paso (Texas, United States of America) residents access health care services in Mexico, which services they use, and why they cross for care. METHODS: A cross-sectional, telephone survey of El Paso County residents was conducted from October-November 2007 to determine use of health care services in Mexico. At total of 2560 telephone interviews were completed. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis were used to determine the proportion crossing the US-Mexico border for care and identify correlates of crossing. RESULTS: The proportion of El Paso residents that had crossed into Mexico for some type of health care service during the two years prior to the survey interview was 32.5%. Of border crossers, 27.1% used health services; 63.2%, dental services; 82.0%, pharmacy; and 9.8%, traditional healers. Reasons given were cost, lack of health insurance, language barriers, and convenience. Hispanic ethnicity, having lived in Ciudad Juárez, being uninsured, and younger age were associated with crossing. The majority were satisfied with the health services received. CONCLUSIONS: Crossing the border to access health care services in Mexico is not uncommon for US residents living in El Paso County, Texas. Given the high rate of uninsured in the United States and the increasingly stringent security requirements, health policies may be needed that allow for cross-border care, making use of this alternative health care system easier and safer.<br>OBJETIVOS: Determinar la proporción de habitantes de El Paso (Texas, Estados Unidos de América) que acceden a los servicios de salud de México, los servicios utilizados y las razones para buscar atención del otro lado de la frontera. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal mediante encuesta telefónica a personas residentes en el condado de El Paso. La encuesta se aplicó a 2560 personas entre octubre y noviembre de 2007 para determinar el uso de servicios de salud en México. Se utilizaron métodos de estadística descriptiva y la prueba de la c² para determinar la proporción de personas que cruza la frontera de los Estados Unidos hacia México en busca de atención sanitaria e identificar los factores relacionados con ello. RESULTADOS: La proporción de habitantes de El Paso que han cruzado a México en busca de algún tipo de atención sanitaria en los 2 años previos al estudio fue de 32,5%. De los que cruzaron la frontera, 27,1% utilizaron servicios médicos; 63,2% servicios estomatológicos; 82,0% farmacéuticos y 9,8% curanderos. Las razones ofrecidas fueron: el costo, no tener seguro de salud, las barreras idiomáticas y la conveniencia. Los factores asociados con el cruce de la frontera fueron ser hispano, haber vivido en Ciudad Juárez, no tener seguro y una menor edad. La mayoría se manifestó satisfecha con los servicios de salud recibidos. CONCLUSIONES: Entre los residentes del condado de El Paso, Texas, es frecuente el cruce de la frontera para acceder a los servicios de salud de México. Dada la elevada proporción de personas sin seguro médico en los Estados Unidos y los requisitos cada vez más rigurosos para obtener un seguro, se necesitarían políticas de salud que permitan la atención sanitaria transfronteriza, con el uso de un sistema alternativo de salud más fácil y seguro

Attitudes and beliefs about environmental hazards in three diverse communities in Texas on the border with Mexico Actitudes y creencias sobre los agentes nocivos ambientales en tres comunidades diferentes de la frontera de Texas con México

Objective. Since communicating risk related to environmental hazards has consistently presented a challenge to government agencies and industries, our objective was to better understand the attitudes and beliefs of three communities, so as to help agencies and industries develop better risk communication interventions. Methods. We explored attitudes and beliefs about environmental risks in three diverse communities in Texas on the border with Mexico, in the county of El Paso. During the summer of 1995, using a door-to-door survey, we interviewed 147 individuals, using a questionnaire based upon an existing instrument. Interviews were conducted in three very different areas of the county: semirural low-income, urban low-income, and suburban upper-income. We randomly selected specific sections in each of the three communities for inclusion in the sample. We assessed attitudes and beliefs about regulations and experts, risk and hazards, and how to address environmental issues. Results. Attitudes and beliefs varied among the three communities, especially in the assessment of riskiness of various hazards. In general, there was mistrust of government agencies and of industries, a strong feeling that the environment can be improved, and a lack of understanding about what actions individuals might take to improve the environment. Discussion. Agencies need to find ways to increase their credibility with the public, and they should assess communities in order to understand the attitudes of the residents.<br>Objetivo. Una vez que la comunicación de información sobre los riesgos relacionados con agentes nocivos ambientales no ha sido fácil para los organismos gubernamentales y las industrias, el objetivo de este estudio consistió en comprender mejor las actitudes y creencias de tres comunidades, con el fin de ayudar a estos organismos a desarrollar mejores campañas de información sobre los riesgos. Métodos. En este estudio se examinaron las actitudes y creencias sobre los riesgos ambientales en tres comunidades diferentes de la frontera entre Texas y México, en el condado de El Paso. Durante el verano de 1995 se realizó una encuesta a domicilio en la que se entrevistaron 147 individuos con un cuestionario basado en un instrumento preexistente. Las entrevistas se realizaron en tres zonas diferentes del condado: una semirrural y otra urbana de bajos ingresos y una suburbana de mayores ingresos. Los sectores específicos de cada una de las tres comunidades incluidos en la muestra fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente. Se evaluaron las actitudes y creencias sobre las leyes y los expertos, los agentes nocivos y los riesgos, y la forma de abordar los problemas ambientales. Resultados. Las actitudes y creencias variaron según la comunidad, especialmente con respecto a la evaluación de los riesgos de varios agentes nocivos. En general hubo desconfianza en los organismos gubernamentales y las industrias, una fuerte creencia de que es posible mejorar el ambiente, y desconocimiento de las acciones que los individuos pueden poner en marcha para mejorarlo. Conclusiones. Los organismos gubernamentales necesitan encontrar formas de incrementar su credibilidad pública y deberían sondear las comunidades con el fin de comprender las actitudes de los residentes

Cross-border procurement of contraception: estimates from a postpartum survey in El Paso, Texas

Along the US-Mexico border, US residents have the option of crossing to Mexico in order to purchase hormonal contraception sold over-the-counter at very low prices in pharmacies. We investigated the prevalence of cross-border contraceptive procurement by way of a survey of 3134 women who delivered in a large public hospital in El Paso, Texas, between 1996 and 1997. Pills, injectables, condoms and IUDs were the most commonly used methods by women in the birth interval preceding delivery. Among multiparous women, 41% of pills and 54% of injectables were obtained in Mexico. However, almost all condoms were obtained in the United States. In this largely Hispanic population, the prevalence of cross-border procurement was highest among women who were born and educated in Mexico. Discontinuation of pills and injectables was lower when obtained across the border than in the United States. These findings support the proposition that reducing the medical requirements to acquire pills and injectables and making them available at low cost would augment their use in low-income populations