Η αξιοποίηση της ακίνητης περιουσίας των οργανισμών τοπικής αυτοδιοίκησης.μελέτη περίπτωσης του δήμου παύλου μελά

Οι Οργανισμοί Τοπικής Αυτοδιοίκησης (στο εξής ΟΤΑ) αποτελούν σημαντικά όργανα της κοινωνικής ζωής των ανθρώπων δεδομένου ότι διαχειρίζονται μια σειρά από διαδικασίες οι οποίες αφορούν τον γεωγραφικό χώρο στον οποίο κατοικεί ένας πληθυσμός ανθρώπων. Ωστόσο οι ΟΤΑ αποτελούν σημαντικές συνιστώσες και του κράτους, παρά τον αυτοδιοικητικό τους χαρακτήρα. Πιο συγκεκριμένα οι ΟΤΑ βοηθούν το κράτος στην διαχείριση της διαβίωσης των πολιτών σε γεωγραφικές περιοχές, γεγονός που συνεπάγεται την εκτέλεση πολυάριθμων διαδικασιών από τους ΟΤΑ. Ως αυτοδιοικούμενες μονάδες όμως πρέπει να διαχειρίζονται και να αξιοποιούν αποτελεσματικά όλες τις πηγές εσόδων που μπορεί να διαθέτουν, όχι μόνο για να είναι οικονομικά αυτόνομοι αλλά και για να μπορούν τελικά να είναι πιο αποδοτικοί, αποτελεσματικοί και να διασφαλίζουν την βιωσιμότητά τους. Είναι γνωστό ότι οι δημόσιοι οργανισμοί έχουν συχνά στη κατοχή τους σημαντικό μέγεθος ακίνητης περιουσίας την οποία σήμερα, ενόψει της οικονομικής κρίσης και των λοιπών θεσμικών αλλαγών, να αξιοποιήσουν αποτελεσματικά. Στην παρούσα εργασία θα μελετηθεί η περίπτωση του Δήμου Παύλου Μελά η διαχρονική αξιοποίηση της δημόσιας περιουσίας που διαθέτει από το 2014 μέχρι και 2016, θα συζητηθούν τα παραγόμενα αποτελέσματα και παράλληλα θα αξιολογηθούν και οι στόχοι που έχουν τεθεί μέχρι και το 2019. Συγκεκριμένα, θα μελετηθούν τα οικονομικά στοιχεία και ο βαθμός στον οποίο αξιοποιούνται αποτελεσματικά τα ακίνητα που είναι στην κατοχή του Δήμου. Τα συμπεράσματα από την ανωτέρω μελέτη θα αξιοποιηθούν για την εμπεριστατωμένη παράθεση προτάσεων για την βελτίωση της υφιστάμενης κατάστασης και την μελλοντικά αποδοτικότερη αξιοποίηση της δημόσιας περιουσίας που ανήκει στο Δήμο.Municipalities are important organization of the social life of people as they manage a series of processes that concern the geographical area in which a population of people resides. Also, Municipalities are important components of the state, despite their self-government. In particular, Municipalities help the state in managing citizens' living in areas, which implies the execution of numerous procedures by local authorities. Asself-managed units, however, they must manage and make efficient use of all the sources of revenue they may have, not only to be economically autonomous, but also to ultimately be more efficient, efficient and secure their viability. It is well known that Municipalities often have a real estate that nowadays, in view of the economic crisis and other institutional changes, must be managed effectively. In the present study we will study the case of the Municipality of Pavlos Melas, the exploitation of its public property in the period from 2014 to 2016, the results will be discussed and at the same time the targets will be evaluated until 2019. In particular, they will be studied the financial data and the extent to which the properties owned by the Municipality are effectively utilized. The conclusions from the above study will be used for the detailed presentation of proposals for the improvement of the existing situation and the future more efficient utilization of the public property belonging to the Municipality

Visceral Hypersensitivity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: The role of spinal cord signaling

Abdominal pain is one of the most difficult to treat symptoms in patients suffering from Functional Gastro-Intestinal Disorders (FGIDs). Recent evidence shows that visceral hypersensitivity (VHS), represents an important underlying mechanism. The most common and most studied FGID is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), characterized by chronic discomfort and abdominal pain associated with altered defecation in the absence of an organic cause. 40-60 % of IBS patients suffer from VHS. The three main triggers for the development of chronic VHS are an episode of bacterial gastroenteritis, psychological stress and inflammation. Indeed, gastrointestinal infections resulting from bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens predispose to post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS) in about 30% of individuals even though the initial infection is fully cleared. Repeated exposure to psychological stress can also trigger the onset of IBS and exacerbates pre-existing IBS symptoms. Preclinical models confirmed that acute intestinal inflammation, as seen in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, can indeed result in long term visceral hypersensitivity. The exact mechanism involved in VHS remains unclear but several preclinical studies showed that increased numbers and/or potentiation of nociceptors on afferent sensory neurons may lead to chronic VHS. The mechanisms underlying neuronal sensitization are not fully understood. In line, the receptor tyrosine kinase EphB2 has drawn recent attention with the discovery that its activation increases inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The Eph receptor family, of which EphB2 is a member, consists of 2 classes of receptors, designated A and B, which are distinguished by their extracellular domain sequence homologies. EphB ligands, known as ephrins, are also divided into two classes, soluble ephrinA and transmembrane ephrinB. The EphB2 receptor binds to Ephrin-B1, Ephrin-B2, and Ephrin-B3 ligands. The interaction of EphB2 receptors and ephrins can signal bidirectionally into EphB2-expressing cells (forward signaling) and ephrin-expressing cells (reverse signaling). Recent research learnt that ephrin-B2 ligand on presynaptic sensory afferent fibers arising from the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) interact with EphB2 receptors on spinal cord neurons to transmit pain sensation to the central nervous system To what extent EphB2-ephrin-B2 signaling contributes to increased abdominal pain sensitivity remains unclear. Based on recent studies we hypothesize that an acute gastrointestinal insult (infection, inflammation or stress) will trigger EphB2-ephrin-B2 signaling in the spinal cord in a subgroup of patients, thereby transmitting more pain signals to the brain and leading to persistent aberrant abdominal pain perception (Objective 1). Also, of interest, in recent years, small non-coding RNA sequences referred to as miRNAs, have been shown to regulate EphB2 expression and have attracted intense research efforts in targeted therapy. Based on these observations, the control of EphB2 expression and activity seems to be regulated in a cell specific manner by miRNAs. This cell-specific epigenetic control mechanism has not been studied in sensory neurons with respect to visceral pain perception, and thus will be investigated in Objective 2. Finally, accumulating evidence from the central nervous system showed that EphB2 pathway activation promotes the phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors (NMDAR), thereby recruiting active NMDARs to the excitatory synapses and potentially increasing pain perception. Indeed, it has been shown that mice lacking ephrin-B2 in sensory neurons have an attenuated neuropathic pain response that correlates with diminished tyrosine phosphorylation of NMDA receptor subunit NR2B in the dorsal horn. Abnormal expression levels and altered NMDAR function have been implicated in numerous neurological disorders and pathological conditions (Huntington's, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's diseases, epilepsy, neuropathic pain, schizophrenia, and mood disorders). However, NMDARs can also mediate peripheral sensitization and visceral pain. In particular, the NMDAR subunit NR2B appears important for nociception, thus leading to the possibility that NR2B-selective antagonists may be useful in the treatment of aberrant visceral pain perception. So the role of NMDAR and its relationship to the EphB2 pathway in the development of visceral hypersensitivity will also be investigated in Objective 2.status: publishe

Effect of genetic background and postinfectious stress on visceral sensitivity in Citrobacter rodentium-infected mice

Infectious gastroenteritis is a major risk factor to develop postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). It remains unknown why only a subgroup of infected individuals develops PI-IBS. We hypothesize that immunogenetic predisposition is an important risk factor. Hence, we studied the effect of Citrobacter rodentium infection on visceral sensitivity in Th1-predominant C57BL/6 and Th2-predominant Balb/c mice.status: publishe

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B triggers a bystander immune response to food antigens leading to visceral hypersensitivity

status: publishe

Ephrin-B2 signaling in the spinal cord as a player in post-inflammatory and stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity

BACKGROUND: Ephrin-B2/EphB receptor signaling contributes to persistent pain states such as postinflammatory and neuropathic pain. Visceral hypersensitivity (VHS) is a major mechanism underlying abdominal pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in remission, but the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the spinal ephrin-B2/EphB pathway in VHS in 2 murine models of VHS, that is, postinflammatory TNBS colitis and maternal separation (MS). METHODS: Wild-type (WT) mice and mice lacking ephrin-B2 in Nav 1.8 nociceptive neurons (cKO) were studied. VHS was induced by: 1. intracolonic instillation of TNBS or 2. water avoidance stress (WAS) in mice that underwent maternal separation (MS). VHS was assessed by quantifying the visceromotor response (VMRs) during colorectal distention. Colonic tissue and spinal cord were collected for histology, gene, and protein expression evaluation. KEY RESULTS: In WT mice, but not cKO mice, TNBS induced VHS at day 14 after instillation, which returned to baseline perception from day 28 onwards. In MS WT mice, WAS induced VHS for up to 4 weeks. In cKO however, visceral pain perception returned to basal level by week 4. The development of VHS in WT mice was associated with significant upregulation of spinal ephrin-B2 and EphB1 mRNA expression or protein levels in the TNBS model and upregulation of spinal ephrin-B2 protein in the MS model. No changes were observed in cKO mice. VHS was not associated with persistent intestinal inflammation. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES: Overall, our data indicate that the ephrin-B2/EphB1 spinal signaling pathway is involved in VHS and may represent a novel therapeutic target.status: publishe

Evidence for TRP channel sensitization in IBS with histamine 1 receptor antagonism as effective treatment

status: publishe

Upregulation of mast cell related genes in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Poster presentationstatus: Published onlin

Neuronal sensitization of TRPV1 by histamine mediated by histamine 1 receptor in an unique cohort of PI-IBS patients

status: publishe