К типологии глагольной префиксации и ее семантики в славянских языках

Thelin Nils B. К типологии глагольной префиксации и ее семантики в славянских языках. In: Revue des études slaves, tome 56, fascicule 2, 1984. Grammaire et lexique. pp. 225-238

On the Nature of Time : A Biopragmatic Perspective on Language, Thought, and Reality

This book is a synthesis of more than three decades of research into the concept of time and its semiotic nature. If traditional philosophy – and philosophy of time should be no exception – in the shadow of advancing biology can be said to have reached an impasse, one important reason for this, in harmony with Wittgenstein’s vision, appears to have been its lack of appropriate tools for explicating language. The present theory of time proceeds, accordingly, from the exploration of temporal expressions in language as an evolutionary fact. It derives in a hypothetical, coherent feedback process of hierarchically ordered distinctions the semantics of time from its biologically dictated perceptual and cognitive-pragmatic origins. The corresponding abductive-regulative model is anchored in the assumption of biological rhythmization as the very foundation of perception and mental/physical action. Understood to originate in space and spatial perspective, time reveals itself as an instrument for temporal perspective on motion (events and situations) in a process of analysis, i.e., discontinuation of chaos made divisible and continuous by the rhythmical screen. Whereas traditional philosophy of time paid attention almost exclusively to the temporal category of tense, the biopragmatic model sees strong evidence in the perspectival nature of time for ascribing the decisive, and probably universal, role in temporal analysis to the linguistic category of aspect. Aspect may, according to the present findings, be assumed to partake already of change-of-state and cause-effect analysis without which man’s adaptation to new situations – and precondition for survival – would be inconceivable. The proposed model of space/time cognition, inspired by Hegelian dialectics, Heidegger-Gadamer’s hermeneutic circle and Peircean logic, makes Kantian a priori superfluous and liberates time from its enigmatic appearance. For the first time in temporal studies it thus appears possible to derive hypothetically linguistic expressions of time all the way from pretemporal, homogeneous continuity effected by biological rhythmization, via pretemporal metonymic (Gestalt), chunk-wise partitioning – as a general precondition for the perception and, based on primary metaphorization, the cognition of things, space and motion – to temporal analysis/discontinuation proper, primarily by aspectual perspective, and the subsequent synthesized, heterogeneous continuity of temporally ordered events. The conception of time, so disastrous for modern temporal logic, i.e., as moving object assigned extension, divisible continuity (‛linearity’) and direction, can be shown to have emerged as a result of secondary metaphorization

L’ aspect, le temps et la taxis en français contemporain : Vers une sémantique de la perspective temporelle

Cette étude a pour but de présenter une approche de la grammaire temporelle du français basée sur une conception vraiment perspectivique de la temporalité. À la différence de la sémantique d’intervalles, prédominant dans la recherche temporelle internationale, la recherche française incluse, la Théorie Perspectivique de la Temporalité (la TPT) part du fondement perceptuo-sensoriel et cognitivo-pragmatique des concepts humains d’espace et de mouvement. De ceux-ci la TPT dérive par un processus métaphorique la temporalité en tant qu’instrument de perspectivation. Sous forme des catégories d’aspect, de temps et – dorénavant – de taxis, la temporalité exerce l’analyse perspectivique sur les objets : les événements et les situations. Au contraire de la confusion répandue caractérisant l’analyse traditionnelle, la TPT offre une distinction claire entre la temporalité en tant que sémantique perspectivique d’un côté, et l’idiosyncrasie du verbe en tant que sémantique actionnelle (Aktionsarten, ʽmodes d’action’) de l’autre. Épistémologiquement, l’approche de la TPT se base sur une conception fondamentalement déductive de la théorisation et regarde la méthode inductive et classificatrice seulement comme signe d’un stade d’analyse initial et transitoire. L’approche monosémiste absolue de la temporalité, en focalisant exclusivement la stratégie par défaut de décodage, ignore cette distinction. Par contre, l’approche polysémiste, préconisée ici, tient compte également des processus primaires d’encodage. De plus, elle reflète d’une manière naturelle le fait que les expressions linguistiques sont restreintes par la loi de l’économie. À côté de l’aspect et du temps, la TPT présente, pour la première fois, des arguments pour intégrer dans la grammaire du français, en tant que catégorie particulière dans le système hiérachico-processuellement unifié de distinctions temporelles, la perspective de taxis, responsable de l’ordre séquentiel.The objective of this study is to present an approach to the temporal grammar of French that is based on a truly perspectival conception of temporality. As distinguished from the practice of interval semantics, dominating international temporal research, including the French one, the Perspectival Theory of Temporality (the PTT) takes as its point of departure the perceptual-sensorial and cognitive-pragmatic foundations of the human concepts of space and movement. From these the PTT derives, by means of a metaphorical process, temporality as an instrument of perspectivization. In the shape of the categories of aspect, tense and – from now on – taxis, temporality exercises its perspectival analysis on its objects: events and situations. By contrast with the widespread confusion in traditional analyses, the PTT offers a clear distinction between temporality as perspectival semantics, on the one hand, and the idiosyncrasy of the verb as actional semantics (Aktionsarten, ʽverb classes’, etc.), on the other. Epistemologically, the ap-proach of the PTT is based on the fundamentally deductive conception of theorization and regards the inductive and classificatory method as a sign of an initial and transitory stage of analysis. The absolute monosemist approach to temporality, by focusing exclusively on the default strategy of decoding, ignores this distinction. However, the polysemist approach, advocated here, accounts also for the primary processes of encoding. Moreover, it reflects in a natural way the fact that the linguistic expressions are restricted by the law of economy. In addition to aspect and tense, the PTT presents for the first time arguments for integrating into the grammar of French, as a particular category in the hierarchically and processually unified system of temporal distinctions, the perspective of taxis, responsible for sequential order

L’ aspect, le temps et la taxis en français contemporain : Vers une sémantique de la perspective temporelle

Cette étude a pour but de présenter une approche de la grammaire temporelle du français basée sur une conception vraiment perspectivique de la temporalité. À la différence de la sémantique d’intervalles, prédominant dans la recherche temporelle internationale, la recherche française incluse, la Théorie Perspectivique de la Temporalité (la TPT) part du fondement perceptuo-sensoriel et cognitivo-pragmatique des concepts humains d’espace et de mouvement. De ceux-ci la TPT dérive par un processus métaphorique la temporalité en tant qu’instrument de perspectivation. Sous forme des catégories d’aspect, de temps et – dorénavant – de taxis, la temporalité exerce l’analyse perspectivique sur les objets : les événements et les situations. Au contraire de la confusion répandue caractérisant l’analyse traditionnelle, la TPT offre une distinction claire entre la temporalité en tant que sémantique perspectivique d’un côté, et l’idiosyncrasie du verbe en tant que sémantique actionnelle (Aktionsarten, ʽmodes d’action’) de l’autre. Épistémologiquement, l’approche de la TPT se base sur une conception fondamentalement déductive de la théorisation et regarde la méthode inductive et classificatrice seulement comme signe d’un stade d’analyse initial et transitoire. L’approche monosémiste absolue de la temporalité, en focalisant exclusivement la stratégie par défaut de décodage, ignore cette distinction. Par contre, l’approche polysémiste, préconisée ici, tient compte également des processus primaires d’encodage. De plus, elle reflète d’une manière naturelle le fait que les expressions linguistiques sont restreintes par la loi de l’économie. À côté de l’aspect et du temps, la TPT présente, pour la première fois, des arguments pour intégrer dans la grammaire du français, en tant que catégorie particulière dans le système hiérachico-processuellement unifié de distinctions temporelles, la perspective de taxis, responsable de l’ordre séquentiel.The objective of this study is to present an approach to the temporal grammar of French that is based on a truly perspectival conception of temporality. As distinguished from the practice of interval semantics, dominating international temporal research, including the French one, the Perspectival Theory of Temporality (the PTT) takes as its point of departure the perceptual-sensorial and cognitive-pragmatic foundations of the human concepts of space and movement. From these the PTT derives, by means of a metaphorical process, temporality as an instrument of perspectivization. In the shape of the categories of aspect, tense and – from now on – taxis, temporality exercises its perspectival analysis on its objects: events and situations. By contrast with the widespread confusion in traditional analyses, the PTT offers a clear distinction between temporality as perspectival semantics, on the one hand, and the idiosyncrasy of the verb as actional semantics (Aktionsarten, ʽverb classes’, etc.), on the other. Epistemologically, the ap-proach of the PTT is based on the fundamentally deductive conception of theorization and regards the inductive and classificatory method as a sign of an initial and transitory stage of analysis. The absolute monosemist approach to temporality, by focusing exclusively on the default strategy of decoding, ignores this distinction. However, the polysemist approach, advocated here, accounts also for the primary processes of encoding. Moreover, it reflects in a natural way the fact that the linguistic expressions are restricted by the law of economy. In addition to aspect and tense, the PTT presents for the first time arguments for integrating into the grammar of French, as a particular category in the hierarchically and processually unified system of temporal distinctions, the perspective of taxis, responsible for sequential order

On the Nature of Time : A Biopragmatic Perspective on Language, Thought, and Reality

This book is a synthesis of more than three decades of research into the concept of time and its semiotic nature. If traditional philosophy – and philosophy of time should be no exception – in the shadow of advancing biology can be said to have reached an impasse, one important reason for this, in harmony with Wittgenstein’s vision, appears to have been its lack of appropriate tools for explicating language. The present theory of time proceeds, accordingly, from the exploration of temporal expressions in language as an evolutionary fact. It derives in a hypothetical, coherent feedback process of hierarchically ordered distinctions the semantics of time from its biologically dictated perceptual and cognitive-pragmatic origins. The corresponding abductive-regulative model is anchored in the assumption of biological rhythmization as the very foundation of perception and mental/physical action. Understood to originate in space and spatial perspective, time reveals itself as an instrument for temporal perspective on motion (events and situations) in a process of analysis, i.e., discontinuation of chaos made divisible and continuous by the rhythmical screen. Whereas traditional philosophy of time paid attention almost exclusively to the temporal category of tense, the biopragmatic model sees strong evidence in the perspectival nature of time for ascribing the decisive, and probably universal, role in temporal analysis to the linguistic category of aspect. Aspect may, according to the present findings, be assumed to partake already of change-of-state and cause-effect analysis without which man’s adaptation to new situations – and precondition for survival – would be inconceivable. The proposed model of space/time cognition, inspired by Hegelian dialectics, Heidegger-Gadamer’s hermeneutic circle and Peircean logic, makes Kantian a priori superfluous and liberates time from its enigmatic appearance. For the first time in temporal studies it thus appears possible to derive hypothetically linguistic expressions of time all the way from pretemporal, homogeneous continuity effected by biological rhythmization, via pretemporal metonymic (Gestalt), chunk-wise partitioning – as a general precondition for the perception and, based on primary metaphorization, the cognition of things, space and motion – to temporal analysis/discontinuation proper, primarily by aspectual perspective, and the subsequent synthesized, heterogeneous continuity of temporally ordered events. The conception of time, so disastrous for modern temporal logic, i.e., as moving object assigned extension, divisible continuity (‛linearity’) and direction, can be shown to have emerged as a result of secondary metaphorization

Notes on general and Russian morphology /

Bibliography: p. 34-36