Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part V. Three African haemaphysalids parasitic on domestic stock

1. The descriptions of the adults of H. aciculifer, H. parmata and H. silacea and of the immature stages of H. parmata are brought up to date. 2. The larvae and nymphae of H. aciculifer and of H. silacea are described for the first time. 3. The discontinuous distribution of H. aciculifer in the Union is shown to be due to the facts (a) that this is an introduced tick, (b) that the introduced cattle distributed from dispersal centres, were only sent where they were needed and not to all farms in any given region, (c) the tick only managed to maintain itself in those areas where conditions were favourable. Cold and frost seem to be the factors limiting its distribution. 4. H. silacea is shown to be confined to the Fish River Bush, so characteristics of certain parts of the Eastern Province of the Cape Colony.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection - Part XI - Ornithodoros eboris n. sp.

Ornithodoros eboris n. sp. male, female, nymph and larva are described for the first time. It belongs to the group of O. lahorensis, O. foleyi and O. delanoei with "madreporian"-like sculpturing.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Zoological Survey of the Union of South Africa. Tick survey. Part IX. The distribution of the three South African Hyalommas or bontpoots

SUMMARY 1: 1. The distribution of H. truncatum (syn. H. transiens) is given in terms of political divisions. 2. The limiting factor to its distribution is seen to be increasing humidity. It is present up to 20 inches per annum. Above this the conditions are marginal and the presence of the tick is dependent on more localized climatic variations and micro-habitats. Where the high rainfall is due to heavy thunderstorms the tick can maintain itself precariously; where the high rainfall is due to a more even distribution in time the tick is unable to exist at the higher rainfall levels. In the Cape Midlands, with a low rainfall, the ticks tend to be absent from mountain farms having snow in winter. 3. Neither dipping nor vegetation types play a limiting role. 4. H. truncatum is shown to occur in all the drier areas throughout Africa, South of the Sahara. SUMMARY 2: 1. The distribution of H. rufipes is given in terms of political divisions. 2. The limiting factor to its distribution in South Africa is seen to be increasing humidity. It is present in areas up to 20 to 25 inches per annum. Above this it can maintain itself in areas with up to 30 inches per annum, where the atmosphere is dry; but in moist semi-tropical areas at 25 to 30 inches it is either absent or but precariously established. Also in dry areas it is not able to maintain itself in winter rainfall areas or in areas with winter snow. 3. Neither dipping nor vegetation types play a limiting role. 4. Data for central Africa are meagre, but its distribution is possibly limited not only to the lower rainfall regions but possibly also to areas with but one rainy season per annum. SUMMARY 3: 1. The distribution of H. glabrum is given in terms of political divisions and is seen to be confined to a very restricted area of South Africa. 2. The limiting factor is seen to be a humidity / vegetational one. It is tied to Karoo, which itself is limited by humidity /aridity. Ten to twelve inches rainfall seems to be the critical range; in a few areas it is present at 15 inches, possibly areas with long intervening droughts. It can exist in marginal vegetational Karooid areas, provided these areas have a low a:nnual rainfall; at higher rainfalls it does not exist in marginal vegetation areas. 3. For record purposes, since we are not quite convinced that H. glabrum is synonymous with H. turanicum, it has been decided to retain Delpy's name.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Zoological Survey of the Union of South Africa. Tick survey. Part V. Distribution of Rhipicephalus evertsi, the red tick

1. The distribution of R. evertsi is given in terms of political Divisions, as well as in terms of Vegetational coverage. 2. R. evertsi is seen to be present in all forest, parkland and grass land areas with a rainfall above 10 inches. It is absent from all Karroo areas below 10 inches; it appears to maintain a precarious footing in mixed Karroo scrub and grass areas with a rainfall between 10-15 inches. 3. It shows no essential periodicity in its activities. 4. It is not controlled by dipping alone; handdressing with dipping is essential for its suppression.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey collection. Part VI. Little known African rhipicephalids

1. Omitting unessentials, the descriptions of various little known Rhipicephalids and their geographical distribution have been republished. 2. The descriptions of R. distinctus, R. masseyi, R. theileri, R. tricuspis, R. simpsoni, R. supertritus are brought up to date. The nymphs of R. masseyi, R. tricuspis, R. distinctus and the larva of R. tricuspis are described for the first time. 3. R. falcatus and R. tricuspis are shown to be valid species. 4. R. attenuatus is sunk as synonymous with R. masseyi; R. cuneatus as R. ziemanni; R . lunulatus and R. glyphis as R. tricuspis; R. schwetzi as R. dux 5. Donitz' supposition that the occurrence for R. follis is "domestic stock, South Africa", is confirmed with reservations. 6. A list of the commoner African Rhipicephalids, whose descriptions are not included in this article, is given.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Ticks in the South African zoological survey collection - Part I - Ixodes alluaudi Neumann 1913, a primitive tick parasitic on shrews

1. Neumann's (1913) description of the male of Ixodes alluaudi is enlarged upon and the female, nymph and larva described for the first time. 2. It is shown that it is essentially a parasite of the shrew, which may, faut de mieux, infest fieldmice, gerbilles, vlei rats and golden moles. 3. Attention is drawn to the primitive coxae and to the sternal apparatus. 4. Its systematic affinities are discussed, and it is temporarily placed in the subgenus Exopalpiger Schulze (1935).The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Zoological survey of the Union of South Africa : Tick survey. Part II. Distribution of Boophilus (Palpoboophilus) decoloratus, the blue tick

1. The distribution of B. decoloratus has been given in terms of political divisions as well as in terms of vegetational coverage. 2. The factor playing the most important role in limiting the spread of B. decoloratus is seen to be increasing aridity. In most parts of the Union the critical level is represented by an annual rainfall of 15 in. 3. It is concluded that where farming conditions are favourable the tick can be controlled by dipping. 4. From the nature of the data available one is perhaps not justified in drawing any definite conclusions as to the distribution of the arsenic-resistant strain; one can but draw attention to the fact that it apparently occurs on scattered farms throughout the tall grassland areas extending as far north as Swaziland.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Zoological survey of the Union of South Africa : Tick survey. Part III. Distribution of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, the brown tick

1. The distribution of R. appendiculatus has been given in terms of political divisions as well as in terms of vegetational coverage. 2. R. appendiculatus is seen to be present in areas with a rainfall above 15 in. per annum, provided the bush or scrub coverage is adequate: in areas above 15 in. without bush the tick is absent. 3. The brown tick present in the "brokenveld" of Fauresmith is either not a true R. appendiculatus, or it is a strain of R. appendiculatus which has become drought resistant. 4. It is concluded that where farming conditions are favourable, associated with the restriction of movement of wild life, R. appendiculatus can be eradicated.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey collection. Part II

The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part III. The ornate aponommas

1. The full colour pattern of Aponomma exornatum is described, and the range of variations within the species discussed. 2. A. arcanum and A. neglectum are put into the synonymy of A. exornatum. 3. The conclusion is drawn that the varanids are the normal hosts, with the crocodile as a second choice. All others are but accidental hosts. 4. The descriptions are given of the two ticks parasitic on Varanus griseus; A. crassipes and A. fraudigerum; of the tick parasitic on Mabuya striata; A. ochraceum; and their affinities are discussed.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format