Proportionate vs disproportionate distribution of wealth of two individuals in a tempered Paretian ensemble

We study the distribution P(\omega) of the random variable \omega = x_1/(x_1 + x_2), where x_1 and x_2 are the wealths of two individuals selected at random from the same tempered Paretian ensemble characterized by the distribution \Psi(x) \sim \phi(x)/x^{1 + \alpha}, where \alpha > 0 is the Pareto index and $\phi(x)$ is the cut-off function. We consider two forms of \phi(x): a bounded function \phi(x) = 1 for L \leq x \leq H, and zero otherwise, and a smooth exponential function \phi(x) = \exp(-L/x - x/H). In both cases \Psi(x) has moments of arbitrary order. We show that, for \alpha > 1, P(\omega) always has a unimodal form and is peaked at \omega = 1/2, so that most probably x_1 \approx x_2. For 0 < \alpha < 1 we observe a more complicated behavior which depends on the value of \delta = L/H. In particular, for \delta < \delta_c - a certain threshold value - P(\omega) has a three-modal (for a bounded \phi(x)) and a bimodal M-shape (for an exponential \phi(x)) form which signifies that in such ensembles the wealths x_1 and x_2 are disproportionately different.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, to appear in Physica

The German Young Olympic Athletes' Lifestyle and Health Management Study (GOAL Study): design of a mixed-method study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In order to perform at top levels, elite athletes have to both protect and risk their health at the same time. Adolescent elite athletes have the additional challenge of coping with substantial physical, psychological and social transformations. The contradictory phenomenon of protecting and risking the adolescent athletes' health in sports challenges the development of health promotion and protection strategies. The GOAL Study (German Young Olympic Athletes' Lifestyle and Health Management Study) analyzes the individual and organizational management of health in adolescent elite sports.</p> <p>Methods/design</p> <p>We combine quantitative and qualitative approaches in a mixed-method study. This allows us to gather a broad range of representative information on squad athletes from all Olympic disciplines as well as in-depth information on four selected Olympic disciplines (artistic gymnastics, biathlon, handball and wrestling). Within the quantitative section we attempt to identify the young athletes' health and nutrition behavior, their subjective health state and their lay health representations, health-related social networks, and structures of medical attendance. 1138 national team level athletes born between 1992 and 1995 from 51 Olympic disciplines responded to the questionnaire (response rate: 61,75%). The qualitative section investigates the meaning and relevance of health and nutrition within the athletes' sports specific surroundings, the impact of biographic backgrounds on individual health behavior, and sports specific cultures of health, nutrition and risk. We interviewed 24 athletes and 28 coaching and medical experts, and carried out 14 multi-day participant observations at training sessions and competitions.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The studies' results will serve as the basis for developing tailored health promotion strategies to be in cooperation with German elite sports associations.</p

Nucleon electromagnetic form factors from lattice QCD

It is imperative that lattice QCD serve to develop our understanding of hadron structure and, where possible, to guide the interpretation of experimental data. There is now a great deal of effort directed at the calculation of the electroweak form factors of the nucleon, where for example, measurements at Jefferson Laboratory have recently revealed surprising behaviour in the ratio $G_E/G_M$. While, for the present, calculations within the framework of lattice QCD are limited to relatively large quark mass, there has been considerable progress in our understanding of how to extrapolate to the chiral limit. Here we report the results of the application of these techniques to the most recent form factor data from the QCDSF Collaboration. The level of agreement with all of the form factors, for $Q^2$ below 1 GeV$^2$, is already impressive

Nucleon electromagnetic form factors from lattice QCD

It is imperative that lattice QCD serve to develop our understanding of hadron structure and, where possible, to guide the interpretation of experimental data. There is now a great deal of effort directed at the calculation of the electroweak form factors of the nucleon, where for example, measurements at Jefferson Laboratory have recently revealed surprising behaviour in the ratio GE/GM. While, for the present, calculations within the framework of lattice QCD are limited to relatively large quark mass, there has been considerable progress in our understanding of how to extrapolate to the chiral limit. Here we report the results of the application of these techniques to the most recent form factor data from the QCDSF Collaboration. The level of agreement with all of the form factors, for Q2 below 1 GeV2, is already impressive. © Società Italiana di Fisica / Springer-Verlag 2004