What comes after optical-bypass network? A study on optical-computing-enabled network

A new architectural paradigm, named, optical-computing-enabled network, is proposed as a potential evolution of the currently used optical-bypass framework. The main idea is to leverage the optical computing capabilities performed on transitional lightpaths at intermediate nodes and such proposal reverses the conventional wisdom in optical-bypass network, that is, separating in-transit lightpaths in avoidance of unwanted interference. In optical-computing-enabled network, the optical nodes are therefore upgraded from conventional functions of add-drop and cross-connect to include optical computing / processing capabilities. This is enabled by exploiting the superposition of in-transit lightpaths for computing purposes to achieve greater capacity efficiency. While traditional network design and planning algorithms have been well-developed for optical-bypass framework in which the routing and resource allocation is dedicated to each optical channel (lightpath), more complicated problems arise in optical-computing-enabled architecture as a consequence of intricate interaction between optical channels and hence resulting into the establishment of the so-called integrated / computed lightpaths. This necessitates for a different framework of network design and planning to maximize the impact of optical computing opportunities. In highlighting this critical point, a detailed case study exploiting the optical aggregation operation to re-design the optical core network is investigated in this paper. Numerical results obtained from extensive simulations on the COST239 network are presented to quantify the efficacy of optical-computing-enabled approach versus the conventional optical-bypass-enabled one.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables; the author's version that has been accepted to Optical Fiber Technology Journal 202

An empirical analysis of the manufacturing sector in Vietnam during the period 2000-2006 with a particular emphasis on technical efficiency, trade reforms and workplace injuries

This thesis investigates empirically the manufacturing sector in Vietnam during the period 2000-2006. The main objective is to provide a comprehensive analysis on the technical performance, and workplace safety of this sector. The analysis uses the sub-dataset for the manufacturing sector extracted from the annual Vietnam Enterprise Surveys for the period under consideration. Chapter one provides an overview of the economic renovation (commonly called Doi moi). The chapter reviews milestones in the Doi moi process and its consequences in terms of economic structural changes, trade, and investment. Chapter two describes the dataset used in the thesis and the construction of the key variables adopted in the subsequent chapters. Chapter three estimates technical efficiency in the Vietnam’s manufacturing sector. The chapter explores if, among other things, the estimates of technical efficiency obtained using the stochastic frontier approach are sensitive to the different distributional and econometric assumptions. Based on several test results, the chapter concludes that average manufacturing sector operated at 62 percent of its technical efficiency. Chapter four investigates empirically the determinants of technical efficiency in the Vietnam’s manufacturing sector using both mean and quantile regression approaches. Results suggested that types of ownership, feminization, and compliance of firms to labour market regulation are among important determinants of technical efficiency. Notably, there is a positive, albeit modest impact of trade liberalization on technical performance of the manufacturing sector and this impact is most pronounced for the least technically efficient firms. Chapter five focuses attention on workplace injuries in the manufacturing sector. As data on workplace injuries in Vietnam is very limited, a number of experiments was tried to find the most relevant estimation strategy. The chapter finally adopts a probit model and a simple OLS to inform determinants of workplace injuries. Results suggest that types of ownership and firm size are important factors that exert influences on workplace injuries reported. Interestingly, the foreign-invested sector was found to be the worst performer compared to the domestic counterparts in terms of technical efficiency and workplace safety. Drawing from these chapters, some policy conclusions, limitations of the current exercise, and outlines of possible agenda for future research in this area are discussed in the conclusion section

An Investigation of Cultural Aspect in New English File

The incorporation of cultural instruction into language classes has become more widespread. This study aims to explore the perspectives of both teachers and students concerning the teaching and learning of "culture" through English language coursebooks. To collect data, interviews were conducted with 12 English instructors and 95 students of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City (UMP). The insights gathered from both educators and learners are anticipated to play a crucial role in raising awareness about the significance of cultural education. Furthermore, it is expected that these perspectives will contribute to the enhancement of intercultural competence through the utilization of coursebooks. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding how culture is integrated into language education and how it can be a valuable component in fostering a deeper understanding of both language and cultural nuances among students. Keywords: culture, culture teaching, intercultural competence, English language coursebooks DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/101-01 Publication date: April 30th 202

Testing of the effect of investor attention of stock market return and volatility: Evidence in Vietnam stock market.

This study investigates the relationship between investors’ attention, which is measured by Google search volume index, and the index performance (index return and volatility) in Vietnamese stock market. I will test the role of attention in predicting market performance. Moreover, past return will be considered when measuring the impact of investors’ attention on future return and volatility. The data is obtained weekly from December, 2006 to November, 2014. Stock indices are Vnindex and Hastc. Google Search Volume Index (SVI) is used as a measure for investors’ attention. Granger causality test, VAR estimations and OLS method are applied in this study in order to test whether investors’ attention is useful in predicting future stock performance and the sign of this effect as well as how the effect of investor attention is affected by changes in the past return. Results show that both index return and volatility of Vnindex are fairly quickly influenced by search volume. This impact is not influenced by the sign of past return as well as the past return. In case of Hastc, there exists a delay in the impact of past search volume on the index return. Moreover, this impact will increase conditional on a unit change in the past return of Hastc. In the opposite direction, the results also suggest that search volume index is also affected by index return and volatility.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

Is Nonfarm Diversification a Way Out of Poverty for Rural Households? Evidence from Vietnam in 1993-2006

school. Using the four high quality household living standards surveys available to date this paper reveals that Vietnam’s rural labour force has been markedly diversifying toward nonfarm activities in the doi moi (renovation) reform period. The employment share of the rural nonfarm sector has increased from 23 percent to 58 percent between the years 1993 and 2006. At the individual level, the results indicate that participation in the rural nonfarm sector is determined by a set of individual-, household-, and community-level characteristics. Gender, ethnicity, and education are reported as main individual-level drivers of nonfarm diversification. Lands as most important physical assets of rural households are found to be negative to nonfarm employment. It is also evident that both physical and institutional infrastructure exert important influences on individual participation in the nonfarm sector. At the household level, a combination of parametric and semi-parametric analysis is adopted to examine whether nonfarm diversification is a poverty exit path for rural households. This paper demonstrates a positive effect of nonfarm diversification on household welfare and this effect is robust to different estimation techniques, measures of nonfarm diversification, and the usage of equivalent scales. However, the poor is reported to benefit less than the non-poor from nonfarm activities. Though promoting a buoyant nonfarm sector is crucial for rural development and poverty reduction, it needs to be associated with enhancing access to nonfarm opportunities for the poor.Rural nonfarm sector, nonfarm diversification, household welfare, Vietnam

Dynamic modeling of electrochemical systems using linear graph theory

The final publication is available at Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.08.065 © 2011. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/An electrochemical cell is a multidisciplinary system which involves complex chemical, electrical, and thermodynamical processes. The primary objective of this paper is to develop a linear graph-theoretical modeling for the dynamic description of electrochemical systems through the representation of the system topologies. After a brief introduction to the topic and a review of linear graphs, an approach to develop linear graphs for electrochemical systems using a circuitry representation is discussed, followed in turn by the use of the branch and chord transformation techniques to generate final dynamic equations governing the system. As an example, the application of linear graph theory to modeling a nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery will be presented. Results show that not only the number of equations are reduced significantly, but also the linear graph model simulates faster compared to the original lumped parameter model. The approach presented in this paper can be extended to modeling complex systems such as an electric or hybrid electric vehicle where a battery pack is interconnected with other components in many different domains.Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)ToyotaMaplesof

Situation and solutions to implement social security policies in Nga Son district, Thanh Hoa province, Vietnam

Analyze the current situation and propose solutions in the implementation of social security policies in Nga Son district, Thanh Hoa province, Vietnam. 155 family support representatives who are enjoying social security policies in 3 sample units: Nga Thuy, Nga Thang and Nga Son town, the sample is taken based on general consultation and guidance of functional departments related to social security policy implementation in Nga Son district , Thanh Hoa province. Statistics and description of the actual situation of implementing social welfare policy in Nga Son district, Thanh Hoa province in terms of: job creation policy, income; social insurance policies, preferential policies and social allowances, basic social service policies. From there, propose solutions to improve the efficiency of organization and implementation of social security policies in Nga Son district, Thanh Hoa province. Conclusion: The study has successfully analyzed the actual situation of implementing social security policies in Nga Son district, Thanh Hoa province in the period of 2020-2022, specifically in the following contents: Employment, income, employment policy, social insurance, social incentives and allowances, basic social services. The policy implementation process still has a number of limitations, such as: The planning policies to organize the implementation still do not have the participation of the people in the implementation process, mainly from the top down. , there has not been much participation of policy beneficiaries. From those limitations, study the orientation of implementing social security policies in Nga Son district and propose 4 groups of possible solutions

EVAPORATION MEASUREMENT FROM FREE WATER SURFACE

This paper aims to quantify the amount of water surface evaporation with special regard to the EWM evaporation pan and to relate the direct measurements to the Penman and other empirical equations. Based on the available 10-minute interval data on the EWM pan evaporation and the data on precipitation for the same intervals, the net water surface evaporation was estimated for the period from July 2010 to October 2012 (excluding the time EWM pan did not function in winter). From the processing data, raingauge appeared to underestimate the actual precipitation on average 5:3 times, and malfunction when heavy rains occurred. Thus, the net evaporation was estimated only from the fluctuation of water level in EWM pan. Other available weather data, including the dry/wet bulb temperature, water surface temperature, air humidity, wind speed and short-wave solar radiation were also summarized and corrected. These data were then used as input for the Penman equations to obtain semi-empirical daily values of evaporation from water surface. A comparison between the evaporation rates directly measured and those calculated by different methods shows that different values of albedo would improve the performance of the Penman equations. The result of this study contributed to optimization of the EWM data processing methods and to the analysis of variation of water surface evaporation within the diurnal cycle, as well as over longer periods

Evaluating the Accuracy of an Equivalent Linear Model in Predicting Peak Displacement of Seismic Isolation Systems using Single Friction Pendulum Bearings

This study evaluates the accuracy of an equivalent linear model in predicting peak nonlinear time-history displacement of seismic isolation systems with single friction pendulum bearings. To perform this evaluation, dynamic response of numerical models of 120 isolation systems subjected to 390 strong earthquake ground motions, including motions with pulse and motions without pulse, was analyzed and statistically processed. The results show that the equivalent linear model can partly predict the peak displacement of its counterpart nonlinear model. However, the equivalent model can also underestimate or overestimate the peak displacement. On average sense, the equivalent linear model underestimates small peak displacement and overestimates large peak displacement. It is also observed that the relationship between linear and nonlinear peak displacements depends on ground motion types. Based on the analysis data, equations representing relationship between linear and nonlinear peak displacements at different reliable levels for different ground motion types were proposed. These equations can be used in practice