Shifts in Living Standards: The Case of Vietnamese Households 1992-1998

This paper investigates determinants of shifts in living standards for Vietnamese households, measured by the difference in consumption at two different points in time. In agreement with studies on other countries, results show that education, household composition, and community infrastructure are strongly related to consumption changes. A main contribution of the paper is to propose novel analytical techniques for the modeling of shifts in living standards. In particular, it proposes the use of Directed Acyclic Graphs to help identify direct and indirect predictors of consumption differences and protect against spurious correlations, and advocates the use of Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) to help identify nonlinearity and interactions. It suggests graphical methods to guide the interpretation of the models.Vietnamese households, living standards, shifts in living standards, household vulnerability, household consumption

Shifts in Living Standards: The Case of Vietnamese Households 1992-1998

This paper investigates determinants of shifts in living standards for Vietnamese households, measured by the difference in consumption at two different points in time. In agreement with studies on other countries, results show that education, household composition, and community infrastructure are strongly related to consumption changes. A main contribution of the paper is to propose novel analytical techniques for the modeling of shifts in living standards. In particular, it proposes the use of Directed Acyclic Graphs to help identify direct and indirect predictors of consumption differences and protect against spurious correlations, and advocates the use of Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) to help identify nonlinearity and interactions. It suggests graphical methods to guide the interpretation of the models.Vietnamese households, living standards, shifts in living standards, household vulnerability, household consumption

Preserve and Promote the Traditional Cultural Values of the Tay and Nung people in Tourism Development in Cao Bang Province, Vietnam

The development of tourism linked to the unique cultural values of each ethnic community is becoming an essential trend in the tourism sector. The Tay and Nung ethnic communities in Cao Bang province are among the ethnic minority groups in Vietnam, with rich cultural and social lives that hold significant importance in tourism development. The traditional cultural values of the Tay and Nung people deeply embody the cultural identity of the ethnic group and represent a rich cultural potential in the tourism development of Cao Bang province. Successfully managing the relationship between preserving and promoting the traditional cultural values of the Tay and Nung people in Cao Bang province in connection with sustainable tourism development will contribute to changing livelihoods, enhancing the quality of life for the people, and ensuring the sustainable development of the country

Some remarks on functional dependencies in relational datamodels

The concept of minimal family is introduced. We prove that this family and family of functional dependencies (FDs ) determine each other uniquely. A characterization of this family is presented. We show that there is no polynomial time algorithm finding a minimal family from a given relation scheme. We prove that the time complexity of finding a minimal family from a given relation is exponential in the number of attributes

Assessment of the sustainability of the rice-maize cropping system in the Red River Delta of Vietnam and developing reduced tillage practices in rice-maize system in the area: Review paper

Rice and maize are global staple food and play an important role in world’s food security strategy. Vietnam is one of rice leading export countries but annually it has to import a considerate amount of maize for cattle food processing. Red River Delta in the north of Vietnam is the second rice bucket of the country, which is responsible formore than 20% of total rice production. The priority crops in the areas are rice and maize and rice-maize system is the leading cropping system in the area. Currently, it is reported that the rice-maize cropping system is not sustainable and its profit is reducing in most of production areas in the Red River Delta. Improving rice cropping system aims is not only to increase rice and maize yields and production but also to improve the land use efficiency, decline the cost of the production and to increase system sustainability. To increase sustainability there must be a linkage of various factors. This review emphasizes on increasing rice-maize crop sustainability by applying appropriate agriculture practices such as reducing chemical fertilization and intensive tillage.Gạo và ngô là nguồn lương thực chính cho toàn cầu và đóng một vai trò quan trọng trong chiến lược an ninh lương thực của thế giới. Việt Nam là một trong những nước dẫn đầu về xuất khẩu gạo nhưng hàng năm vẫn phải nhập một số lượng lớn ngô để chế biến thức ăn gia súc. Đồng bằng sông Hồng là một trong hai vựa lúa lớn của Việt Nam sản xuất khoảng 20% sản lượng lúa gạo của cả nước. Ở đồng bằng sông Hồng, lúa và ngô là hai cây trồng chính là hệ canh tác lúa-ngô là cơ cấu cây trồng hàng đầu trong vùng. Tuy nhiên, trong những năm gần đây, rất nhiều đánh giá cho thấy hệ thống canh tác lúa-ngô là hệ thống canh tác không bền vững và các lợi nhuận của mang lại từ cơ cấu canh tác ở hầu hết các khu vực sản xuất ở vùng đồng bằng sông Hồng của Việt Nam đã và đang giảm dần. Do đó, việc cải thiện cơ cấu canh tác lúa-ngô không chỉ nhằm mục đích tăng năng suất lúa và ngô mà còn nâng cao hiệu quả sử dụng đất, giảm chi phí sản xuất và tăng cường hệ thống canh tác bền vững. Tuy nhiên, để tăng tính bền vững của hệ thống canh tác thì phải liên kết nhiều yếu tố khác nhau. Bài viết này dựa vào các kết quả nghiên cứu của các tác giả khác nhau để đưa ra những giải pháp tích cực làm tăng tính bền vững của hệ thống canh tác lúa-ngô bằng cách áp dụng các phương pháp canh tác hợp lý như giảm sử dụng phân hóa học và các biện pháp canh tác thâm canh như áp dụng phương pháp làm đất tối thiểu

A study of economic efficiency, adaptive measures to extreme climatic events, and drivers of disease in Vietnamese white leg shrimp aquaculture

This thesis delves into three key research areas centered on shrimp farming: evaluating operational efficiency in shrimp farming, analyzing adaptive choices made by farmers, and forecasting disease occurrences in shrimp farms in the context of evolving climate and environmental influences. The research employed a blend of methodologies derived from pertinent literature, coupled with data acquired through surveys. Rigorous checks for robustness were employed, leading to statistically substantial outcomes that address various inquiries concerning the economic facets of shrimp cultivation in the face of severe weather conditions. The specific locale chosen for this study is the Vannamei shrimp farming in the provinces of Bac Lieu and Ca Mau, situated in the Mekong Delta of South Vietnam. These provinces hold diverse shrimp farming systems and contribute significantly to the nation's shrimp output. Their geographical vulnerability to the impacts of climate change also aligns well with the study's core objectives. The first objective assessed efficiency in shrimp yield for both intensive and extensive systems, linking factors like climate perception, education, adaptation, disease, and location to efficiency. This aids in identifying factors that mitigate inefficiencies in well-managed farms during adverse weather. The second objective analyzed factors influencing farmers' choices in adopting adaptive measures across intensive and extensive systems. Socioeconomic status, knowledge sharing, access to services, farm characteristics, and perceptions were key factors shaping adaptive decisions, with policy implications for climate adaptation in shrimp farming. The final objective predicted disease outbreaks in intensive shrimp farming, identifying risk and protective factors. Training, extension services, and protective measures were crucial in minimizing disease, with shrimp crop duration and operational years affecting disease likelihood