Implementation of UPFC for Voltage Sag Mitigation Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Maintaining the voltage profile in transmission line is very much important to maintain powers system stability. Due to load fluctuations, the voltage in all the buses may not be maintained. FACTS devices are much helpful in voltage compensation. UPFC is one among the FACTS devices which is used to serve this purpose. The load is increased in IEEE 30 bus system to simulate voltage sag condition. The location of UPFC is found using particle swarm optimization (PSO). The power loss during fault and the corresponding dip in voltage is compensated using UPFC. The power flow shows that the voltage in all buses is maintained within the permissible limits. The entire simulation has been demonstrated in IEEE 30 bus system

Dopamine Transporter imaging with Tc-99m TRODAT-1 SPECT in Parkinson’s disease and its correlation with clinical disease severity

Objective(s): To evaluate the role of Tc-99m TRODAT-1 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) by assessing the correlation of clinical disease severity, disease duration and age at onset of disease with specific uptake ratio of Tc-99m TRODAT-1 in striatum.Methods: The study included 63 patients in age range of 40-72 years with clinical diagnosis of PD and nine controls. Clinical history of patients was obtained regarding age at onset of disease and disease duration. Disease severity in each patient was assessed using H and Y stage and UPDRS. Tc-99m TRODAT-1 SPECT was performed and specific uptake ratios were calculated for six regions in bilateral striata, caudate nuclei and putamina. Difference in specific uptake ratios between different stages of disease was analyzed for statistical significance. Specific uptake ratios were correlated with UPDRS, motor score of UPDRS, duration of disease and age at onset of disease using Pearson’s correlation co-efficient.Results: Median specific uptake ratio was found to be least in contralateral putamen for all H and Y stages. There was a statistically significant difference between specific uptake ratios of controls vs stage 1, stage 1 vs 2, 1 vs 3, 1 vs 4, and 2 vs 4 for all 6 regions. The difference in uptake ratio between 3 and 4 H and Y stages was significant only for contralateralregions. There was no significant difference in uptake ratio between 2 and 3 H and Y stages. The uptake ratios showed a strong negative correlation with UPDRS and motor score, a weak negative correlation with duration of disease and no significant correlation with age at onset of disease.Conclusion: We conclude that Tc-99m TRODAT-1 SPECT can be used to assess the disease severity in PD patients

Designing and Controlling the Speed of Single Phase Induction Motor using Raspberry pi System

The induction motors are widely used in industrial drives since of their low cost and flexibility. The control facet is very essential for any drive. This paper proposes an economical method of INDUCTION MOTOR speed control with efficient performance. The induction motor speed variation can be easily attained for a short range by stator voltage control. The terminal voltage across the stator winding of the motor can be varied to achieve the preferred speed control by controlling the firing angle of the semiconductor power devices (TRIAC in this paper). RASPBERRY PI 2(model B) plays an important in our project. Raspberry Pi is very small in size and it is a low cost device. Raspberry Pi has a Quadcore- broadcom BCM2836 900 MHz processor and 1GB RAM. It can perform all the work similar to a computer and can be referred as minicomputer. Python language must be used for this. It uses Raspbian operating system based on Debian distribution of LINUX

Transmission Line Congestion Management Using Hybrid Fish-Bee Algorithm with Unified Power Flow Controller

There is a widespread changeover in the electrical power industry universally from old-style monopolistic outline towards a horizontally distributed competitive structure to come across the demand of rising consumption. When the transmission lines of derestricted system are incapable to oblige the entire service needs, the lines are overloaded or congested. The governor between customer and power producer is nominated as Independent System Operator (ISO) to lessen the congestion without obstructing transmission line restrictions. Among the existing approaches for congestion management, the frequently used approaches are reorganizing the generation and load curbing. There is a boundary for reorganizing the generators, and further loads may not be supplemented with the prevailing resources unless more private power producers are added in the system by considerably raising the cost. Hence, congestion is relaxed by appropriate Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices which boost the existing transfer capacity of transmission lines. The FACTs device, namely, Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is preferred, and the correct placement of UPFC is more vital and should be positioned in the highly congested line. Hence, the weak line is identified by using power flow performance index with the new objective function with proposed hybrid Fish – Bee algorithm. Further, the location of UPFC at appropriate line reduces the branch loading and minimizes the voltage deviation. The power transfer capacity of lines is determined with and without UPFC in the identified congested line of IEEE 30 bus structure and the simulated results are compared with prevailing algorithms. It is observed that the transfer capacity of existing line is increased with the presented algorithm and thus alleviating the congestion

Online E-voting system by using blockchain technology

Fundamental legitimate to cast a ballot or really balloting in decisions administration the reason of a majority rules government the way of behaving of intermittent forceful participatory believable and peaceful races is one of the significant measuring sticks used to conclude the popularity based circumstance of a country in Nigeria decisions had been done the utilization of the aide device of balloting ever because we started rehearsing a majority rule government in 1999 anyway those decisions the utilization of the aide approach had been damaged with heaps of electing acts of neglect and hitches of fierce attack at the electorate final product controls vote looking for distance of surveying offices, etc. those are adequate thought processes that requires the design and formation of an advanced balloting contraption that is going a lengthy way in tending to limit of those inconveniences the e-balloting device focuses to get rid of the bottlenecks prominent with inside the aide balloting device alongside the delayed enlistment system pointless transportation political race viciousness and over the long haul the amazingness of the votes this become finished through growing a period strong enrollment stage which enrolls a citizen and doles out a citizen their electorate card