The effect of polyamine 70000 (BT70) on the zinc plating process in the non-cyanide alkaline plating bath

The effect of polyamine having molecular weight 70,000u (BT70) in the non-cyanide alkaline plating bath on the morphological zinc electrodeposited coating was investigated. The obtained results from the reflectance of electrodeposited zinc coating by a suitable range of electro-current density and SEM images showed that BT70 had effect on the zinc plating in comparison with the zinc deposits from plating bath without BT70. The electrodeposited coating surface was rough and poor adhesion. However, adding BT70 into the plating bath led to the surface roughness of electrodeposited coating and grand size being reduced. Zinc electrodeposited coating from a plating bath containing BT70 at 0.5 g/L, respectively, experienced the highest reflectance, equal 46 % of the electrodeposited coating from the bath containing commercial additives. Hull method showed that the zinc deposited coating surface became smoother with the presence of polyamine in non-cyanide alkaline zinc plating solution. The zinc deposited coating had a semi-gloss scope at 10 A/dm2. If the BT70 content increased, the semi-gloss scop and the gloss of samples’ surfaces also grew up. Keywords. Polyamine, additive, non-cyanide alkaline zinc plating, zinc coating

Crystal structure and Hirshfield surface analysis of 4-phenyl-3-(thio-phen-3-ylmeth-yl)-1<i>H</i>-1,2,4-triazole-5(4<i>H</i>)-thione.

In the title compound, C13H11N3S2, the phenyl ring is twisted from the 1,2,4-triazole plane by 63.35 (9)° and by 47.35 (9)° from the thio-phene plane. In the crystal, chains of mol-ecules running along the c-axis direction are formed by N-H⋯S inter-actions [graph-set motif C(4)]. The 1,2,4-triazole and phenyl rings are involved in π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.4553 (10) Å]. The thio-phene ring is involved in C-H⋯S and C-H⋯π inter-actions. The inter-molecular inter-actions in the crystal packing were further analysed using Hirshfield surface analysis, which indicates that the most significant contacts are H⋯H (35.8%), followed by S⋯H/H⋯S (26.7%) and C⋯H/H⋯C (18.2%)

Crystal structure of 4-amino-3-(thio-phen-3-ylmeth-yl)-1<i>H</i>-1,2,4-triazole-5(4<i>H</i>)-thione.

In the title compound, C7H8N4S2, the thio-phene ring shows rotational disorder over two orientations in a 0.6957 (15):0.3043 (15) ratio. The plane of the 1,2,4-triazole ring makes a dihedral angle of 75.02 (17)° with the major-disorder component of the thiophene ring. In the crystal, two types of inversion dimers, described by the graph-set motifs R22(8) and R22(10), are formed by N-H⋯S inter-actions. Chains of mol-ecules running in the [101] direction are linked by weaker N-H⋯N inter-actions. The thio-phene ring is involved in π-π and C-H⋯π inter-actions

Vietnam geographical exploitation under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982 (UNCLOS 1982)

As an active member of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea - UNCLOS, Vietnam has completed 3 Reports on the Limits of the Continental Shelf and has submitted two of them to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf - CLCS, before the deadline 13-5-2009. Those are: (1) Outer Limits of the Vietnam’s Extended Continental Shelf: North Area (VNM-N); (2) Outer Limits of the Vietnam’s Extended Continental Shelf: Middle Area (VNM-M) and (3) Vietnam - Malaysia Joint Continental Shelf Submission. The VNM-M has not yet been submitted but it was mentioned to the CLCS and will be submitted in the appropriate time.Vietnam’s submissions were highly appreciated by CLCS; although the CLCS has not yet organized a special sub-committee to look at our reports, the secretariat of CLCS has already posted the executive reports of our submissions, with our principle claims on the continental shelf, on the website of the CLCS since May 2009. This paper presents shortly the UNCLOS and its application in Vietnam case

Potential application of rhizobacteria isolated from the Central Highland of Vietnam as an effective biocontrol agent of robusta coffee nematodes and as a bio-fertilizer

[[abstract]]Robusta coffee is a major commercial crop in the Central Highland of Vietnam with high economic and export value. However, this crop is adversely affected by various pathogens, particularly nematodes. This study aimed to screen active anti-nematode rhizobacterial strains for sustainable coffee production. Among more than 200 isolates, the isolate TUN03 demonstrated efficient biocontrol with nearly 100% mortality of J2 coffee nematodes Meloidogyne spp. and 84% inhibition of nematode egg hatching. This active strain was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa TUN03 based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis. In greenhouse tests, the strain TUN03 significantly reduced the coffee nematode population in the rhizome-soil with an 83.23% inhibition rate and showed plant growth-promoting effects. Notably, this is the first report of the nematicidal effect of P. aeruginosa against coffee nematodes. This potent strain further showed an antifungal effect against various crop-pathogenic fungi and was found to be the most effective against Fusarium solani F04 (isolated from coffee roots) with a 70.51% inhibition rate. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that this bacterial strain also secretes plant growth regulators including indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), kinetin, and zeatin in significant amounts of 100, 2700, 37, and 9.5 µg/mL, respectively. The data from this study suggest that P. aeruginosa TUN03 may be a potential biocontrol agent and biofertilizer for the sustainable production of Robusta coffee and other crops.[[sponsorship]]科技部[[notice]]補正完

Utilization of Fishery-Processing By-Product Squid Pens for Scale-Up Production of Phenazines via Microbial Conversion and Its Novel Potential Antinematode Effect

Fishery by-products (FBPs) have been increasingly investigated for the extraction and production of a vast array of active molecules. The aim of this study was to produce phenazine compounds from FBPs via microbial fermentation and assess their novel antinematode effect. Among various FBPs, squid pen powder (SPP) was discovered as the most suitable substrate for phenazine production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa TUN03 fermentation. Various small-scale experiments conducted in flasks for phenazine production indicated that the most suitable was the newly designed liquid medium which included 1% SPP, 0.05% MgSO4, and 0.1% Ca3(PO4)2 (initial pH 7). Phenazines were further studied for scale-up bioproduction in a 14 L bioreactor system resulting in a high yield (22.73 &micro;g/mL) in a much shorter cultivation time (12 h). In the fermented culture broth, hemi-pyocyanin (HPC) was detected as a major phenazine compound with an area percentage of 11.28% in the crude sample. In the bioactivity tests, crude phenazines and HPC demonstrate novel potential nematicidal activity against black pepper nematodes, inhibiting both juveniles (J2) nematodes and egg hatching. The results of this work suggest a novel use of SPP for cost-effective bioproduction of HPC, a novel potential nematodes inhibitor. Moreover, the combination of MgSO4 and Ca3(PO4)2 was also found to be a novel salt composition that significantly enhanced phenazine yield by P. aeruginosa fermentation in this work

Utilization of Fishery-Processing By-Product Squid Pens for Scale-Up Production of Phenazines via Microbial Conversion and Its Novel Potential Antinematode Effect

Fishery by-products (FBPs) have been increasingly investigated for the extraction and production of a vast array of active molecules. The aim of this study was to produce phenazine compounds from FBPs via microbial fermentation and assess their novel antinematode effect. Among various FBPs, squid pen powder (SPP) was discovered as the most suitable substrate for phenazine production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa TUN03 fermentation. Various small-scale experiments conducted in flasks for phenazine production indicated that the most suitable was the newly designed liquid medium which included 1% SPP, 0.05% MgSO4, and 0.1% Ca3(PO4)2 (initial pH 7). Phenazines were further studied for scale-up bioproduction in a 14 L bioreactor system resulting in a high yield (22.73 µg/mL) in a much shorter cultivation time (12 h). In the fermented culture broth, hemi-pyocyanin (HPC) was detected as a major phenazine compound with an area percentage of 11.28% in the crude sample. In the bioactivity tests, crude phenazines and HPC demonstrate novel potential nematicidal activity against black pepper nematodes, inhibiting both juveniles (J2) nematodes and egg hatching. The results of this work suggest a novel use of SPP for cost-effective bioproduction of HPC, a novel potential nematodes inhibitor. Moreover, the combination of MgSO4 and Ca3(PO4)2 was also found to be a novel salt composition that significantly enhanced phenazine yield by P. aeruginosa fermentation in this work

Utilization of By-Product of Groundnut Oil Processing for Production of Prodigiosin by Microbial Fermentation and Its Novel Potent Anti-Nematodes Effect

This study aimed to reuse groundnut oil processing by-product, groundnut cake (GNC) for the low-cost production of prodigiosin (PG) via microbial technology and to assess its novel potential application for the management of black pepper nematodes. Serratia marcescens TUN02 was found as the most active PG-producing strain. Various small-scale experiments conducted in flasks indicated that GNC at 1% may be used as the sole carbon/nitrogen source for cost-effective PG production by fermentation. Notably, no further commercial ingredients and salts are required to supplement into the culture medium of this fermentation. PG was further investigated for scale-up production in a 14-L bioreactor system and PG was produced at high yield (6886 mg/L) with large-scale volume (4 L) in a short cultivation time (10 h). PG was then purified and its nematicidal activity was evaluated and showed effective inhibition of juveniles and egg hatching of Meloidogyne incognita species, harmful on black pepper, with low IC50 values of 0.2 and 0.32 mg/mL, respectively. The simple medium containing 1% GNC is the first report of cost-effective biosynthesis of PG, as well as potential in vitro anti-egg hatching activity of PG. These results indicated the potential application of GNC for low-cost bioproduction of PG for promising and novel use in the management of black pepper nematodes

Utilization of By-Product of Groundnut Oil Processing for Production of Prodigiosin by Microbial Fermentation and Its Novel Potent Anti-Nematodes Effect

This study aimed to reuse groundnut oil processing by-product, groundnut cake (GNC) for the low-cost production of prodigiosin (PG) via microbial technology and to assess its novel potential application for the management of black pepper nematodes. Serratia marcescens TUN02 was found as the most active PG-producing strain. Various small-scale experiments conducted in flasks indicated that GNC at 1% may be used as the sole carbon/nitrogen source for cost-effective PG production by fermentation. Notably, no further commercial ingredients and salts are required to supplement into the culture medium of this fermentation. PG was further investigated for scale-up production in a 14-L bioreactor system and PG was produced at high yield (6886 mg/L) with large-scale volume (4 L) in a short cultivation time (10 h). PG was then purified and its nematicidal activity was evaluated and showed effective inhibition of juveniles and egg hatching of Meloidogyne incognita species, harmful on black pepper, with low IC50 values of 0.2 and 0.32 mg/mL, respectively. The simple medium containing 1% GNC is the first report of cost-effective biosynthesis of PG, as well as potential in vitro anti-egg hatching activity of PG. These results indicated the potential application of GNC for low-cost bioproduction of PG for promising and novel use in the management of black pepper nematodes

Conversion of squid pens to chitosanases and dye adsorbents via Bacillus cereus

[[abstract]]The purpose of this study was to reclaim squid pens for the production of chitosanases and biosorbents of food colorants and industrial dyes via Bacillus cereus fermentation. B. cereus TKU044 produced chitosanases at a high productivity of 2.66 U/mL, when squid pens were used as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. An extracellular chitosanase, with a molecular weight of 43 kDa, was purified 286-fold with a 16% activity yield. TKU044 and five other chitosanaseproducing strains of B. cereus have been used as biosorbents to investigate their adsorption capacity on 0.025% (w/v) of colorants and dyes. For colorants, only Red 7 was adsorbed by the five B. cereus cells, whereas all tested B. cereus strains showed adsorption effects with the dyes. The adsorption of Yellow 4 by squid pens before and after 1 day of fermentation by B. cereus was also studied.[[sponsorship]]科技部[[notice]]補正完