Letter from CGIAR Chairman Wilfried P. Thalwitz to the Heads of CGIAR Delegations, May 2, 1991

Letter dated May 2, 1991 from CGIAR Chairman Wilfried Thalwitz to heads of donor delegations to the CGIAR, and circulated more broadly in the System. The letter discussed preparations for the Mid Term Meeting in scheuled for May 1991 in Paris. The agenda included three main clusters of subjects: an examination of the external review process; CGIAR expansion; and future directions.Thalwitz also mentioned the need for new means of providing donors with evidence of the impact and effectiveness of CGIAR research and training

The CGIAR at Twenty: Relevance Reaffirmed

In place of the usual Sir John Crawford Memorial Lecture, a symposium was held during International Centers Week, October 1991 to commemorate the twentieth anniversary of the CGIAR. The document includes the opening and closing remarks of Derek Tribe of Australia's Crawford Fund for International Agricultural Research, who presided, as well as three presentations. These were "Nurturing a Legacy" by Robert W. Herdt of the Rockefeller Foundation, "Recommitment to Basic Values" by E. Walter Coward Jr. of the Ford Foundation, and the main address by Wilfried P. Thalwitz of the World Bank, retiring Chairman of the CGIAR

conceptual distinction between one

On the relation between the acquisition of singular-plural morpho-syntax and th

On the relation between the acquisition of singular-plural morpho-syntax and the conceptual distinction between one and more than one

We investigated the relationship between the acquisition of singular–plural morpho-syntax and children’s representation of the distinction between singular and plural sets. Experiment 1 tested 18-month-olds using the manual-search paradigm and found that, like 14-month-olds (Feigenson & Carey, 2005), they distinguished three objects from one but not four objects from one. Thus, they failed to represent four objects as ‘plural’ or ‘more than one’. Experiment 2 found that children continued to fail at the 1 vs. 4 manual-search task at 20 months of age, even when told, via explicit morpho-syntactic singular–plural cues, that one or many balls are being hidden. However, 22-and 24-month-olds succeeded both with and without verbal cues. Parental report data indicated that most 22-and 24-month-olds, but few 20-month-olds, had begun producing plural nouns in their speech. Also, the success among the older children was due to those children who had reportedly begun producing plural nouns. We discuss a possible role for language acquisition in children’s deployment of set-based quantification and the distinction between singular and plural sets

Life Cycle Analysis of Cumulative Energy Demand on Sericulture in Karnataka, India

Abstract The environmental impact of textile production is an area of increasing focus for both regulation and consumers. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a framework to determine actual and potential environmental impacts associated with products and services and identifying efficient opportunities for reducing burdens. With few exceptions, such LCA data is available on the primary production of textiles. Despite its high profile, no prior LCA studies of sericulture and silk reeling have been performed. We conducted an LCA of silk yarn production in India using data from a pilot survey performed in Karnataka state. The study focused on cumulative energy demand (CED). Our results indicate that on a mass flow basis Indian silk is a highly resource intensive product. Calculated CED values are above 1800 MJ/kg, significantly higher than for comparison fibres. Survey results further indicate that most sampled farmers diverge from guideline values in fertiliser application. The identified hotspots of energy use in irrigation and reeling energy use suggest that these would be effective areas of focus in increasing silk sustainability