Impact of weather parameters on cotton productivity at Surat (Gujarat), India

Global warming is casting its shadow in the form of climatic changes that is affecting the local weather conditions which has its bearing on crop production and water availability, the basic necessities for survival of life on the planet. In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the cause of poor production of cotton in 2011-12 in Surat, Gujarat as compared to 2012-13 and 2013-14. Weather data since 2000 was analyzed and compared with the data of 2011-12 and comparison was made to find the abnormality in cotton crop productivity. It was found that during 2011-12, there was delayed monsoon, as well as during squaring and flowering stage (i.e. in August 2011) there was high rainfall (595.6 mm), maximum and minimum temperatures were above normal, during development (June-August) and flowering stage of crop (October-December) which disturbed the crop physiology indirectly affecting the yield of cotton. The combined effect of rainfall and temperature was on relative humidity that created conducive atmosphere for insect and pest attacks on crops. Due to changes in temperature and relative humidity, evaporative water demands would have further aggravated the watering needs of crop. The study concludes that erratic monsoon or delayed monsoon hampers crop physiology ultimately yield due to erratic weather conditions. Further, such changes in cotton growing areas could form the basis of planning and decisions on pricing, crop insurance, export and import policies of cotton crop

Certificate Based Scheme and Expedite Message Authentication Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

VANET security is major issue for researcher. Thus Ad-Hoc Networks embrace the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) for their security purpose. EMAP was presented to overcome the problem of the long delay incurred in checking the revocation status of a certificate using a CRL. From the experimental analysis it was observed that it is resistant to common attacks while performing the authentication techniques. Therefore, EMAP can significantly decrease the message-loss ratio due to message verification delay as compared to the conventional authentication methods employing CRL checking. Thus to further address these issues along with EMAP protocol, new EMAP method is presented called as CEMAP (certificate based EMAP) which is intended to overcome the authentication delay in message processing by reducing the complexity in Authentication process. CEMAP authentication protocol is constructed based on the combination of the new signature scheme and EMAP. The proposed algorithm reduces the delay by 10% than EMAP. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15023

Evaluation of efficacy of priming dose of propofol in reducing induction dose requirements in patients undergoing elective surgeries under general anaesthesia

Background: Priming principle refers to administration of a subanaestheic dose of an agent prior to its actual anaesthetic dose. Propofol is an effective substitute to thiopentone for intravenous induction. The objectives of the study were to evaluate whether priming with propofol would reduce induction of dose, reduce the peri-intubation haemodynamic changes, influence the severity of side effects and influence recall phenomenon.Methods: Sixty patients of ASA Grade 1 and 2, between 18-55 years of age group, of both sexes, were selected on the basis of eligibility criteria and scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia were divided into study and control groups of 30 patients each. The total dose of propofol including the priming (25% of total) dose of propofol, heart rate and blood pressure, baseline (before induction), immediately after intubation, 1 min, 3 min, 5 min after induction, SPO2 (% of oxygen saturation), recall phenomenon and other side effects post operatively were studied.Results: The demographic data were comparable for age, weight and sex in both the groups. Total patients were divided into two groups with 30 patients each. It was observed that total induction dose of propofol was significantly decreased in the study group 72.33±9.53mg compared to control group 115.83±9.00mg. Heart rate was better maintained in study group with minimal post-intubation response. The values of systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure observed at 1 min after induction also showed significant decrease in control group compared to study group.Conclusions: Propofol produces smooth, rapid, pleasant and safe induction. Priming with propofol can be practiced due to its cost effectiveness and better haemodynamic profile and safety

Intra-parotid facial nerve schwannoma: case report of a rare entity

Intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma was first reported by Ibarz in 1927. The frequency of intra-parotid schwannomas range from 0.2% to 1.5%. Facial nerve schwannoma can occur at any point along its course from the cerebello-pontine angle to its peripheral branches. Its typical presentation is a slow growing, painless mass mimicking a pleomorphic adenoma. Because of its low prevalence and very few clinical and radiological signs associated with it, pre-operative diagnosis of intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma is generally difficult. There is great potential of misdiagnosis and mismanagement when detected intra-operatively with the worst consequences of facial nerve palsy. In this case a 58 years old male had a parotid mass with a prolonged history of sixteen years with sudden increase in size. Preoperative work up of imaging modalities and fine needle aspiration cytology was not conclusive. Intraoperatively mass couldn’t be separated from the facial nerve, so total parotidectomy for the tumor with transection of facial nerve was done resulting in postoperative facial nerve paralysis. The diagnosis of schwannoma was offered only after histopathological examination. Parotid nerve schwannomas are extremely rare and routine investigations are not very helpful in diagnosis. Whenever a facial nerve is seen involved by a clinically benign appearing lesion, intraparotid schwannoma should be thought of as a diagnostic possibility to avoid radical surgery and prevent complications like facial nerve palsy.

Screening of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes for resistance to gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and its relationship with malic acid in leaf exudates

Forty desi (local) early maturity chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes were screened for resistance to gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), under natural field conditions. ICC 506 exhibited 8% pod damage and harboured 10 larvae on 10 plants and was designated as least susceptible, whereas ICC 14665 showed 41.8% pod damage and 26 larvae on 10 plants and categorized as most susceptible. A low amount of acidity in the leaf exudates (21.1 and 41.9 meq./100 gm) of genotype (ICC 14665) was found to be associated with susceptibility to H. armigera, 60 and 75 days afer sowing. However, such a trend was not evident 90 days after sowing

GmFT2a, a Soybean Homolog of FLOWERING LOCUS T, Is Involved in Flowering Transition and Maintenance

BACKGROUND: Flowering reversion can be induced in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), a typical short-day (SD) dicot, by switching from SD to long-day (LD) photoperiods. This process may involve florigen, putatively encoded by FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, little is known about the potential function of soybean FT homologs in flowering reversion. METHODS: A photoperiod-responsive FT homologue GmFT (renamed as GmFT2a hereafter) was cloned from the photoperiod-sensitive cultivar Zigongdongdou. GmFT2a gene expression under different photoperiods was analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. In situ hybridization showed direct evidence for its expression during flowering-related processes. GmFT2a was shown to promote flowering using transgenic studies in Arabidopsis and soybean. The effects of photoperiod and temperature on GmFT2a expression were also analyzed in two cultivars with different photoperiod-sensitivities. RESULTS: GmFT2a expression is regulated by photoperiod. Analyses of GmFT2a transcripts revealed a strong correlation between GmFT2a expression and flowering maintenance. GmFT2a transcripts were observed continuously within the vascular tissue up to the shoot apex during flowering. By contrast, transcripts decreased to undetectable levels during flowering reversion. In grafting experiments, the early-flowering, photoperiod-insensitive stock Heihe27 promotes the appearance of GmFT2a transcripts in the shoot apex of scion Zigongdongdou under noninductive LD conditions. The photothermal effects of GmFT2a expression diversity in cultivars with different photoperiod-sensitivities and a hypothesis is proposed. CONCLUSION: GmFT2a expression is associated with flowering induction and maintenance. Therefore, GmFT2a is a potential target gene for soybean breeding, with the aim of increasing geographic adaptation of this crop