32 research outputs found

    Identification of a Hypomorphic FANCG Variant in Bernese Mountain Dogs

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    Bernese mountain dogs (BMDs), have an overall cancer incidence of 50%, half of which is comprised of an otherwise rare tumor, histiocytic sarcoma (HS). While recent studies have identified driver mutations in the MAPK pathway, identification of key predisposing genes has been elusive. Studies have identified several loci to be associated with predisposition to HS in BMDs, including near the MTAP/CDKN2A region, but no causative coding variant has been identified. Here we report the presence of a coding polymorphism in the gene encoding FANCG, near the MTAP/CDKN2A locus. This variant is in a conserved region of the protein and appears to be specific to BMDs. Canine fibroblasts derived from dogs homozygous for this variant are hypersensitive to cisplatin. We show this canine FANCG variant and a previously defined hypomorphic FANCG allele in humans impart similar defects in DNA repair. However, our data also indicate that this variant is neither necessary nor sufficient for the development of HS. Furthermore, BMDs homozygous for this FANCG allele display none of the characteristic phenotypes associated with Fanconi anemia (FA) such as anemia, short stature, infertility, or an earlier age of onset for HS. This is similar to findings in FA deficient mice, which do not develop overt FA without secondary genetic mutations that exacerbate the FA deficit. In sum, our data suggest that dogs with deficits in the FA pathway are, like mice, innately resistant to the development of FA

    āļāļēāļĢāļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļĩāļ§āļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļŦāļĢāđˆāļēāļĒāļžāļ§āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļļāđˆāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāđŒBioaccessibility of Sea Grape (Caulerpa lentillifera) in Simulated Human Digestive System in vitro digestion model

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    āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ§āļąāļ•āļ–āļļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ„āđŒāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļĩāļ§āļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļŦāļĢāđˆāļēāļĒāļžāļ§āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļļāđˆāļ™āđƒāļ™āđāļšāļšāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĒāđˆāļ­āļĒāđƒāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāđŒ āđāļšāļšāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāđƒāļ™āļŦāļĨāļ­āļ”āļ—āļ”āļĨāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāđ€āļŠāļ–āļĩāļĒāļĢāļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļŸāļĩāļ™āļ­āļĨāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĢāļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ­āļ­āļāļ‹āļīāđ€āļ”āļŠāļąāļ™āđƒāļ™āļŠāļēāļŦāļĢāđˆāļēāļĒāļžāļ§āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļļāđˆāļ™āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļĒāđˆāļ­āļĒ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĄāļĩ āļ›āļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļ“āļŸāļĩāļ™āļ­āļĨāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” āļĪāļ—āļ˜āļīāđŒāļāļēāļĢāļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ­āļ­āļāļ‹āļīāđ€āļ”āļŠāļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļŦāļĢāđˆāļēāļĒāļžāļ§āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļļāđˆāļ™āļŠāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āđāļŦāđ‰āļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļēāļĢāļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļĩāļ§āļ āļēāļžāđƒāļ™āļŠāļēāļŦāļĢāđˆāļēāļĒāļžāļ§āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļļāđˆāļ™āļŠāļ”āļˆāļēāļāļ›āļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļ“āļŸāļĩāļ™āļ­āļĨāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ” āđāļĨāļ°āļĪāļ—āļ˜āļīāđŒāļāļēāļĢāļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ­āļ­āļāļ‹āļīāđ€āļ”āļŠāļąāļ™ āļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļ”āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļē āļŠāļēāļŦāļĢāđˆāļēāļĒāļžāļ§āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļļāđˆāļ™āļŠāļ”āļĄāļĩāļ›āļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļ“āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ·āđ‰āļ™ āđ‚āļ›āļĢāļ•āļĩāļ™ āđ„āļ‚āļĄāļąāļ™ āđ€āļ–āđ‰āļē āđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļāļąāļš 82.63%, 3.89%, 1.27% āđāļĨāļ° 12.21% āļ•āļēāļĄāļĨāļģāļ”āļąāļš āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļŦāļĢāđˆāļēāļĒāļžāļ§āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļļāđˆāļ™āļ­āļšāđāļŦāđ‰āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļāļąāļš 2.29%, 19.76%, 0.63% āđāļĨāļ° 31.48% āļ•āļēāļĄāļĨāļģāļ”āļąāļš āļ›āļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļ“āļŠāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļŸāļĩāļ™āļ­āļĨāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļŦāļĢāđˆāļēāļĒāļŠāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļŦāļĢāđˆāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļšāđāļŦāđ‰āļ‡ āļĄāļĩāļ„āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļāļąāļš 38.10 Âą 3.00 mg GAE/g sample āđāļĨāļ° 3.50 Âą 0.51 mg GAE/g sample āļ•āļēāļĄāļĨāļģāļ”āļąāļš āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļĪāļ—āļ˜āļīāđŒāļāļēāļĢāļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ­āļ­āļāļ‹āļīāđ€āļ”āļŠāļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļŦāļĢāđˆāļēāļĒāļžāļ§āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļļāđˆāļ™āļŠāļ”āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩ DPPH āđāļĨāļ° ABTS āđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļāļąāļš 5.90 Âą 0.82% āđāļĨāļ° 13.82 Âą 0.22% āļ•āļēāļĄāļĨāļģāļ”āļąāļš āļ‚āļ“āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļēāļŦāļĢāđˆāļēāļĒāļžāļ§āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļļāđˆāļ™āđāļŦāđ‰āļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļāļąāļš 1.93 Âą 0.31% āđāļĨāļ° 2.11 Âą 0.13% āļ•āļēāļĄāļĨāļģāļ”āļąāļš āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļĩāļ§āļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļŦāļĢāđˆāļēāļĒāļžāļ§āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļļāđˆāļ™āļŠāļ”āđƒāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļ­āļēāļŦāļēāļĢāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāđŒ āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ§āđˆāļē āđ€āļŠāļ–āļĩāļĒāļĢāļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļŸāļĩāļ™āļ­āļĨāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļĪāļ—āļ˜āļīāđŒāļāļēāļĢāļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ­āļ­āļāļ‹āļīāđ€āļ”āļŠāļąāļ™āļĄāļĩāļ„āđˆāļēāļĨāļ”āļĨāļ‡āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ™āļąāļĒāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļ–āļīāļ•āļī (p < 0.05) āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļ“āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļš 2 – 8 āļāļĢāļąāļĄThe objective of this study was to determine the bioaccessibility of C. lentillifera (sea grapes) in vitro digestion model. In vitro simulated digestion model was examined for the stability of total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity after C. lentillifera digestion. The proximate analysis, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of fresh- and dried sea grapes were considered in this study. The bioaccessibility of fresh sea grapes was evaluated from total phenolic content and antioxidant activities. The results showed that the moisture, crude protein, fat and ash were about 82.63, 3.89, 1.27 and 12.21%, respectively. The dried sea grape was reported by 2.29% of moisture, 19.76% of crude protein, 0.63% of fat, and 31.48% of ash. The total phenolic contents of fresh and dried sea grapes were indicated about 38.10 Âą 3.00 mg GAE/g sample and 3.50 Âą 0.51 mg GAE/g sample, respectively. The antioxidant activity of fresh sea grapes was about 5.90 Âą 0.82% by DPPH method and 13.82 Âą 0.22% of ABTS method. The antioxidant values by DPPH and ABTS methods were shown at 1.93 Âą 0.31% and 2.11 Âą 0.13%, respectively. The evaluation of bioaccessibility of C. lentillifera in Simulated Human Digestive System in vitro digestion model revealed that the stability of total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in relation to the increase of C. lentillifera contents in the range of 2–8 g

    An In Vitro Comparison of Costimulatory Domains in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell for Breast Cancer Treatment

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    Adoptive cellular therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has emerged as a potential novel treatment for various cancers. In this study, we have generated CAR T cells targeting mucin-1 (MUC1), which is an aberrantly glycosylated antigen overexpressed on breast cancer cells. Two different signaling domains, including CD28 and 41BB, were incorporated and directly compared the superiority of different costimulatory signals. Two different CAR MUC1 constructs were transduced into primary T cells and evaluated their characteristics and antitumor activities against MUC1+ cancer cells. CAR MUC1 T cells showed high transduction efficiency and antigen specificity toward MUC1+ cancer cell lines and primary breast cancer cells. When coculturing with target cells, the transduced cells exhibited potent antitumor activity in vitro and secrete proinflammatory cytokines. Upon antigen stimulation, incorporation of the 41BB signaling domain was able to improve T cell proliferation and reduce surface PD1 expression and the upregulation of suppressive cytokines, when compared with CAR MUC1 containing the CD28 domain. Our findings show that CAR T cell targeting MUC1 can be effective against MUC1+ breast cancer cell and support the further development of CAR MUC1 T cells containing 41BB signaling in preclinical and clinical studies of breast cancer treatment
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