Exercise stress echocardiography in the identification of coronary artery disease in the elderly with chronotropic incompetence

FUNDAMENTO: A incompetência cronotrópica (ICT) é freqüente em pacientes idosos e pode limitar o papel do teste ergométrico na identificação da doença arterial coronariana (DAC) nessa população. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o valor da ICT, em uma população idosa, no diagnóstico da DAC. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 3.308 pacientes, desses, 804 eram idosos (idade >65 anos) que se submeteram a ecocardiografia sob estresse pelo esforço físico (EEEF). Com base na freqüência cardíaca (FC) alcançada durante o teste ergométrico, subdivididos em dois grupos: G1 – 150 pacientes que não atingiram 85% da FC preconizada para a idade e G2 – 654 pacientes que conseguiram atingir. Os grupos foram comparados quanto a características clínicas, índice de contratilidade segmentar do ventrículo esquerdo (IMVE) e cineangiocoronariografia (CACG). RESULTADOS: As características clínicas foram similares entre os grupos. O IMVE foi maior em G1 do que em G2, tanto no repouso (1.09 ± 0.21 versus 1.04 ± 0,15) quanto após esforço (1.15 ± 0.29 versus 1.08 ± 0.2) (p 50%) versus 84,5% em G2. CONCLUSÃO: A ICT está associada à maior freqüência de alterações contráteis em população idosa e adiciona valor preditivo positivo à EEEF ao identificar pacientes com DAC obstrutiva. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: Background: Chronotropic incompetence (CTI) is frequent in elderly patients and may limit the role of the exercise test in the identification of coronary artery disease (CAD) in this population. Objective: To assess the value of CTI in an elderly population in the diagnosis of CAD. Methods: A total of 3,308 patients were studied, 804 were elderly individuals (age > 65 years) who underwent exercise stress echocardiography (ESE). Based on the heart rate (HR) reached during the exercise test, were divided into two groups: G1 150 patients who did not reach 85% of the age-predicted HR, and G2 654 patients who did. The groups were compared to clinical characteristics, segmental left ventricular contractility rate (WMSI) and coronary angiography (CAG). Results: Clinical characteristics were similar between the groups. WMSI was higher in G1 than in G2, both at rest (1.09 ± 0.21 versus 1.04 ± 0.15) and after exercise (1.15 ± 0.29 versus 1.08 ± 0.2) (p < 0.001). Abnormalities in wall contractility were more frequent in G1 than in G2 (55% versus 37%; p < 0.05), thus suggesting that elderly with CTI have a higher frequency of CAD. CAG was performed in 69% ESE positive for myocardial ischemia. In the G1 group, 91% of the ESE were true positive versus 84.5% in G2, that is, presence of obstructive coronary artery disease (> 50%). Conclusion: CTI is associated with a higher frequency of contractile alterations in the elderly population and adds a positive predictive value to ESE in the identification of patients with obstructive CAD

Prognostic value of exercise echocardiography in diabetic patients

Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Although exercise echocardiography (EE) is established as a useful method for diagnosis and stratification of risk for CAD in the general population, there are few studies on its value as a prognostic tool in diabetic patients. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the value of EE in predicting cardiac events in diabetics. Methods 193 diabetic patients, 97 males, 59.8 ± 9.3 yrs (mean ± SD) were submitted to EE between 2001 and 2006 and followed from 7 to 65 months with median of 29 months by phone calls and personal interviews with patients and their primary physician, and reviewing medical records and death certificates. The end points were cardiac events, defined as non-fatal myocardial infarction, late myocardial revascularization and cardiac death. Sudden death without another explanation was considered cardiac death. Survival free of end points was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Twenty-six cardiac events were registered in 24 individuals during the follow-up. The rates of cardiac events were 20.6 and 7% in patients with positive and negative EE, respectively (p < 0.001). Predictors of cardiac events included sedentary lifestyle, with RR of 2.57 95%CI [1.09 to 6.02] (P = 0.03) and positive EE, with RR 3.63, 95%CI [1.44 to 9.16] (P = 0.01). Patients with positive EE presented higher rates of cardiac events at 12 months (6.8% vs. 2.2%), p = 0.004. Conclusion EE is a useful method to predict cardiac events in diabetic patients with suspected or known CAD

Carbamazepine for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a pilot study

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Nausea and vomiting are major inconveniences for patients undergoing chemotherapy. Despite standard preventive treatment, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) still occurs in approximately 50% of these patients. In an attempt to optimize this treatment, we evaluated the possible effects of carbamazepine for prevention of CINV.DESIGN AND LOCATION: Prospective nonrandomized open-label phase II study carried out at a Brazilian public oncology service. METHODS: Patients allocated for their first cycle of highly emetogenic chemotherapy were continuously recruited. In addition to standard antiemetic protocol that was made available, they received carbamazepine orally, with staggered doses, from the third day before until the fifth day after chemotherapy. Considering the sparseness of evidence about the efficacy of anticonvulsants for CINV prevention, we used Simon's two-stage design, in which 43 patients should be included unless overall complete prevention was not achieved in 9 out of the first 15 entries. The Functional Living Index-Emesis questionnaire was used to measure the impact on quality of life.RESULTS:None of the ten patients (0%) presented overall complete prevention. In three cases, carbamazepine therapy was withdrawn because of somnolence and vomiting before chemotherapy. Seven were able to take the medication for the entire period and none were responsive, so the study was closed. There was no impact on the patients' quality of life.CONCLUSION: Carbamazepine was not effective for prevention of CINV and also had a deleterious side-effect profile in this population

Complete pathologic response as a prognostic factor for squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx post-chemoradiotherapy

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Chemoradiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (SCCO) provides good results for locoregional disease control, with high rates of complete clinical and pathologic responses, mainly in the neck. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether complete pathologic response after chemoradiotherapy is related to the prognosis of patients with SCCO. METHODS: Data were prospectively extracted from clinical records of N2 and N3 SCCO patients submitted to a planned neck dissection after chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS: A total of 19 patients were evaluated. Half of patients obtained complete pathologic response in the neck. Distant or locoregional recurrence occurred in approximately 42% of patients, and 26% died. Statistical analysis showed an association between complete pathologic response and lower disease recurrence rate (77.8% vs. 20.8%; p = 0.017) and greater overall survival (88.9% vs. 23.3%;p = 0.049). CONCLUSION: The presence of a complete pathologic response after chemoradiotherapy positively influences the prognosis of patients with SCCO