2,203 research outputs found
Equations of structural relaxation
In the mode coupling theory of the liquid to glass transition the long time
structural relaxation follows from equations solely determined by equilibrium
structural parameters. The present extension of these structural relaxation
equations to arbitrarily short times on the one hand allows calculations
unaffected by model assumptions about the microscopic dynamics and on the other
hand supplies new starting points for analytical studies. As a first
application, power-law like structural relaxation at a glass-transition
singularity is explicitly proven for a special schematic MCT model.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures; talk given at the Seventh international Workshop
on disordered Systems, Molveno, Italy, March 199
Tagged-particle dynamics in a hard-sphere system: mode-coupling theory analysis
The predictions of the mode-coupling theory of the glass transition (MCT) for
the tagged-particle density-correlation functions and the mean-squared
displacement curves are compared quantitatively and in detail to results from
Newtonian- and Brownian-dynamics simulations of a polydisperse
quasi-hard-sphere system close to the glass transition. After correcting for a
17% error in the dynamical length scale and for a smaller error in the
transition density, good agreement is found over a wide range of wave numbers
and up to five orders of magnitude in time. Deviations are found at the highest
densities studied, and for small wave vectors and the mean-squared
displacement. Possible error sources not related to MCT are discussed in
detail, thereby identifying more clearly the issues arising from the MCT
approximation itself. The range of applicability of MCT for the different types
of short-time dynamics is established through asymptotic analyses of the
relaxation curves, examining the wave-number and density-dependent
characteristic parameters. Approximations made in the description of the
equilibrium static structure are shown to have a remarkable effect on the
predicted numerical value for the glass-transition density. Effects of small
polydispersity are also investigated, and shown to be negligible.Comment: 20 pages, 23 figure
Structural relaxation of polydisperse hard spheres: comparison of the mode-coupling theory to a Langevin dynamics simulation
We analyze the slow, glassy structural relaxation as measured through
collective and tagged-particle density correlation functions obtained from
Brownian dynamics simulations for a polydisperse system of quasi-hard spheres
in the framework of the mode-coupling theory of the glass transition (MCT).
Asymptotic analyses show good agreement for the collective dynamics when
polydispersity effects are taken into account in a multi-component calculation,
but qualitative disagreement at small when the system is treated as
effectively monodisperse. The origin of the different small- behaviour is
attributed to the interplay between interdiffusion processes and structural
relaxation. Numerical solutions of the MCT equations are obtained taking
properly binned partial static structure factors from the simulations as input.
Accounting for a shift in the critical density, the collective density
correlation functions are well described by the theory at all densities
investigated in the simulations, with quantitative agreement best around the
maxima of the static structure factor, and worst around its minima. A
parameter-free comparison of the tagged-particle dynamics however reveals large
quantiative errors for small wave numbers that are connected to the well-known
decoupling of self-diffusion from structural relaxation and to dynamical
heterogeneities. While deviations from MCT behaviour are clearly seen in the
tagged-particle quantities for densities close to and on the liquid side of the
MCT glass transition, no such deviations are seen in the collective dynamics.Comment: 23 pages, 26 figure
A reason for fusion rules to be even
We show that certain tensor product multiplicities in semisimple braided
sovereign tensor categories must be even. The quantity governing this behavior
is the Frobenius-Schur indicator. The result applies in particular to the
representation categories of large classes of groups, Lie algebras, Hopf
algebras and vertex algebras.Comment: 6 pages, LaTe
From Equilibrium to Steady State: The Transient Dynamics of Colloidal Liquids under Shear
We investigate stresses and particle motion during the start up of flow in a
colloidal dispersion close to arrest into a glassy state. A combination of
molecular dynamics simulation, mode coupling theory and confocal microscopy
experiment is used to investigate the origins of the widely observed stress
overshoot and (previously not reported) super-diffusive motion in the transient
dynamics. A link between the macro-rheological stress versus strain curves and
the microscopic particle motion is established. Negative correlations in the
transient auto-correlation function of the potential stresses are found
responsible for both phenomena, and arise even for homogeneous flows and almost
Gaussian particle displacements.Comment: 24 pages, 14 figures, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, in pres
Active and Nonlinear Microrheology in Dense Colloidal Suspensions
We present a first-principles theory for the active nonlinear microrheology
of colloidal model systems: for constant external force on a spherical probe
particle embedded in a dense host dispersion, neglecting hydrodynamic
interactions, we derive an exact expression for the friction. Within
mode-coupling theory (MCT), we discuss the threshold external force needed to
delocalize the probe from a host glass, and its relation to strong nonlinear
velocity-force curves in a host fluid. Experimental microrheology data and
simulations, which we performed, are explained with a simplified model
Feasibility study concerning the actual implementation of a joint cross-border procurement procedure by public buyers from different Member States
Joint procurement refers to a situation in which two or more contracting authorities conduct a procurement procedure together. The key characteristic of this specific procedure is that only one tender is published on behalf of all participating contracting authorities. The notion of joint procurement does not automatically imply any cross-border element as such. Joint cross-border procurement refers to the particular procurement procedure which involves contracting authorities from different Member States conducting a common tender by bundling their demands and acting jointly in the award of the contract. There have already been some attempts to conduct JCBPP procedures in the European Union, despite the fact that until the implementation of Directive 2014/24/EU there were no explicit legal provisions to facilitate such forms of cooperation. Therefore contracting authorities faced both legal and practical difficulties, mostly due to conflicts between national public procurement rules and barriers preventing recourse to other Member States’ central purchasing body or the joint cross-border award of public contracts. Currently existing literature still offers only a few contributions describing the use and impact of JCBPP and the limited practical experience there is in conducting such procedures has not been presented in an aggregated form so far. This analysis is intended to help identify the best solutions for implementing JCBPP projects and offers concrete recommendations which should serve as a guideline for all interested stakeholders. The aim of the study is not to assess theoretical scenarios of JCBPP between contracting authorities in different Member States or to offer a legal analysis of factors that can influence the implementation of such projects. Its scope is to practically analyse projects that have been implemented in the past months or years and to highlight how they have been conducted, the obstacles or difficulties experienced by the participating contracting authorities and how they managed to overcome them. Centralised – and therefore “joint” – purchasing techniques are successfully used in most Member States and the idea of exploring a cross-border dimension is generating more and more interest as it facilitates cooperation between contracting authorities across Europe and at the same time enhances the benefits of the Internal Market by creating better business opportunities for economic operators. Thus, this feasibility study on the possible implementation of a JCBPP procedure consists of an analysis of relevant JCPPP projects, including a cost benefit analysis, and draws conclusions based on the main issues which need to be considered when conducting a JCBPP. The results of the feasibility study have allowed the drafting of recommendations for the implementation of JCBPP procedures. The feasibility study focuses on the legal, administrative and procedural aspects encountered in four selected JCBPP projects, taking into consideration country and sector-specific characteristics relevant to the implementation of such procedures
Vortex phase transformations probed by the local ac response of Bi_{2}Sr_{2}CaCu_{2}O_{8+\delta} single crystals with various doping
The linear ac response of the vortex system is measured locally in Bi-2212
single crystals at various doping, using a miniature two-coil mutual-inductance
technique. It was found that a step-like change in the local ac response takes
place exactly at the first-order transition (FOT) temperature T_{FOT}(H)
determined by a global dc magnetization measurement. The T_{FOT}(H) line in the
H-T phase diagram becomes steeper with increasing doping. In the higher-field
region where the FOT is not observed, the local ac response still shows a
broadened but distinct feature, which can be interpreted to mark the growth of
a short-range order in the vortex system.Comment: 4 pages, including 5 eps figure
Dense colloidal suspensions under time-dependent shear
We consider the nonlinear rheology of dense colloidal suspensions under a
time-dependent simple shear flow. Starting from the Smoluchowski equation for
interacting Brownian particles advected by shearing (ignoring fluctuations in
fluid velocity) we develop a formalism which enables the calculation of
time-dependent, far-from-equilibrium averages. Taking shear-stress as an
example we derive exactly a generalized Green-Kubo relation, and an equation of
motion for the transient density correlator, involving a three-time memory
function. Mode coupling approximations give a closed constitutive equation
yielding the time-dependent stress for arbitrary shear rate history. We solve
this equation numerically for the special case of a hard sphere glass subject
to step-strain.Comment: 4 page
Liquid metal facilities to investigate thermal-Hydraulics and materials behavior up sodium boiling
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