318 research outputs found
"Le RĂȘve d'un curieux"
" La poĂ©sie et le progrĂšs sont deux ambitieux qui se haĂŻssent d'une haine instinctive, et quand ils se rencontrent dans le mĂȘme chemin, il faut que l'un des deux serve l'autre. " Charles Baudelaire, Salon de 1859. Le chemin oĂč Baudelaire rencontre le progrĂšs est celui qui le mĂšne rue Saint-Lazare, oĂč Nadar a son studio de prise de vue : c'est le chemin qui va du romantisme aux temps modernes, au long duquel le gĂ©nie cĂšde devant l'ingĂ©nieur, le crĂ©ateur devant le producteur, l'oeuvre ..
L'analyse statistique des tables de mobilité à l'aide du modÚle quasisymétrique et de ses dérivés
La principale faiblesse de lâĂ©valuation et du contrĂŽle de lâĂ©cole en France
Le fonctionnement souhaitable des systĂšmes Ă©ducatifs modernes repose sur un trĂ©pied : un cadre Ă©tabli par les autoritĂ©s supĂ©rieures Ă lâĂ©tablissement et qui contient les objectifs, les prioritĂ©s et certains outils comme les programmes ; lâautonomie de lâĂ©tablissement et de ses acteurs ; lâĂ©valuation du fonctionnement et des pratiques, qui doit ĂȘtre la rĂšgle et ĂȘtre suivie dâeffets. Dans ce contexte, le contrĂŽle permet dâĂ©viter les « irrĂ©gularitĂ©s » et il est suivi de sanctions quand des irrĂ©gularitĂ©s sont avĂ©rĂ©es. La principale faiblesse des processus dâĂ©valuation et de contrĂŽle dans le systĂšme Ă©ducatif français rĂ©side dans la trop grande insuffisance de lâutilisation des conclusions dans la conduite de la politique Ă©ducative. Si les outils et procĂ©dures sont de bonne qualitĂ©, si les prĂ©alables (objectifs et prescriptions) existent, un usage beaucoup trop faible est fait de leurs rĂ©sultats, quâil sâagisse des lâĂ©valuation des Ă©lĂšves, de celle des Ă©tablissements ou encore de celle des enseignants. Sâil est dans la nature des choses que les Ă©valuations et les contrĂŽles soient peu suivis dâeffets, il faut que ce « peu » augmente, non pas pour limiter la libertĂ© de choix du chef dâĂ©tablissement ou du professeur, mais pour amĂ©liorer le service quâils rendent.Good performance of modern education systems is built on three pillars: a framework defined by the authorities governing the school and which includes goals and priorities as well as certain instruments such as programmes; the autonomy of the school and those involved in running it; the assessment of organisation and practices â this assessment must be the rule and its conclusions acted upon. Within this context, inspection helps to avoid âirregularitiesâ and is followed by sanctions when such irregularities are proven. The main weak point of assessment and inspection processes in the French education system is that not enough attention is given to their conclusions in the implementation of education policy. While high quality tools and procedures are available and preliminary actions (defining objectives and making recommendations) exist, too little attention is given to their outcomes, whether the assessment concerns pupils, schools or teachers. Although it may be in the nature of things for assessments and inspections to have little effect, this âlittleâ must grow, not to restrict the headteacherâs or teacherâs freedom of choice, but to improve the service they provide.El funcionamiento deseable de los sistemas educativos modernos se basa en un trĂpode: un marco impuesto por las autoridades superiores al centro escolar el cual abarca los objetivos, las prioridades y ciertas herramientas tales como los programas; la autonomĂa del centro escolar y de sus actores; la evaluaciĂłn del funcionamiento y de las prĂĄcticas que debe ser una norma y surtir efecto. En este contexto, el control permite evitar âirregularidadesâ y aplicar sanciones cuando dichas irregularidades han sido constatadas. La principal debilidad de este proceso de evaluaciĂłn y control del sistema educativo francĂ©s reside en que las conclusiones son insuficientemente aplicadas en la elaboraciĂłn de la polĂtica educativa. A pesar de que las herramientas y los procedimientos sean de buena calidad y que las condiciones previas (objetivos y prescripciones) existan, sus resultados, en el caso de la evaluaciĂłn de los alumnos, de los docentes o de los centros escolares, son insuficientemente utilizados. Si bien es comĂșn que las evaluaciones y controles surtan pocos efectos, es necesario que este âpocoâ aumente, no para limitar la libertad de elecciĂłn del director o del profesor sino para mejorar los servicios prestados
The injury epidemiology of cyclists based on a road trauma registry
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bicycle use has increased in some of France's major cities, mainly as a means of transport. Bicycle crashes need to be studied, preferably by type of cycling. Here we conduct a descriptive analysis.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>A road trauma registry has been in use in France since 1996, in a large county around Lyon (the RhĂŽne, population 1.6 million). It covers outpatients, inpatients and fatalities. All injuries are coded using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). Proxies were used to identify three types of cycling: learning = children (0-10 years old); sports cycling = teenagers and adults injured outside towns; cycling as means of transport = teenagers and adults injured in towns. The study is based on 13,684 cyclist casualties (1996-2008).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The percentage of cyclists injured in a collision with a motor vehicle was 8% among children, 17% among teenagers and adults injured outside towns, and 31% among those injured in towns. The percentage of serious casualties (MAIS 3+) was 4.5% among children, 10.9% among adults injured outside towns and 7.2% among those injured in towns. Collisions with motor-vehicles lead to more internal injuries than bicycle-only crashes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The description indicates that cyclist type is associated with different crash and injury patterns. In particular, cyclists injured in towns (where cycling is increasing) are generally less severely injured than those injured outside towns for both types of crash (bicycle-only crashes and collisions with a motor vehicle). This is probably due to lower speeds in towns, for both cyclists and motor vehicles.</p
Estimates of home and leisure injuries treated in emergency departments in the adult population living in metropolitan France: a model-assisted approach
Littérature ou sainteté. Une lecture girardienne du "Crapaud" de Hugo
International audienceCette Ă©tude du fameux poĂšme de Hugo (de La LĂ©gende des siĂšcles) tient la promesse de son titre
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