Diacetyl as Acetyl Donor

Diacetyl can serve as an acetyl donor for the forlnation of citrate and the acetylation of sulfanilamide in the dog heart homogenate. Diphosphothiamine and coenzyme A are essential for these reactions.</p

Rat liver nodules induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene lose an ability to take up indocyanine green in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis.

Indocyanine green (ICG) was injected into rat liver nodules induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) via portal vein. The relationship between ICG staining and cell atypism of liver nodules was examined by means of histology and DNA flow cytometry. After 2-AAF administration, many small nodules appeared on the liver surface. All hyperplastic nodules were ICG stained until 10 weeks after the administration, but some nodules were not stained after 14 weeks. ICG-stained nodules histologically consisted of benign tissues and borderline lesions, and many of them showed &#34;diploidy&#34; in DNA cytometry. ICG-unstained nodules consisted of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCCs) and borderline lesions, and many of them showed &#34;aneuploidy&#34;. In this way, it has been suggested that HCC could derive from hyperplastic nodules and that they might lose an ability to take up ICG in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining for glutathione-S-transferase alpha (GST-alpha), a carrier protein of ICG in hepatocytes, was well correlated with ICG staining in the nodules, suggesting that the loss of ICG uptake in HCC was partly due to the decrease of GST-alpha. Moreover, the appearance of ICG unstained and aneuploid nodules was significantly inhibited in rats which were fed on diet containing Syosaiko-to after the administration of 2-AAF. Chemopreventive effect of Syo-saiko-to on hepatocarcinogenesis was identified.</p

Glucose or Sucrose Intakes and Plasma Levels of Essential and Nonessential Amino Acids

It is not known whether the administration of glucose or sucrose influences plasma levels of amino acids. We want to know whether plasma levels of amino acids and if the administration of glucose or sucrose are different in young and old men and are influenced by the administration of glucose or sucrose. We found that the levels of most amino acids in plasma are lower in old men than young men. When sucrose was administered to old men, levels of total amino acids decreased significantly in old men. In both old and young men plasma levels of total nonessential amino acids significantly decreased at 120 min. after the administration of glucose but not sucrose. On the other hand, total essential and branched amino acids levels decreased significantly after the administration of both glucose and sucrose in young and old men. From these results, responses to the administration of glucose were different from the response to sucrose between young and old men. Also glucose was more effective in decreasing plasma levels of various amino acids. These results seem to suggest that glucose was more effective in stimulating insulin release and young men were more responsive to sugar than old men in stimulating insulin release

半月体性腎炎におけるbeta2 integrin 関与の病型間の相違について

An immunohistochemical study was performed to investigate the involvement of beta2 integrins in the glomerular infiltration of leukocytes in different types of human crescentic glomerulonephritis (CrGN). On 51 ethanol-fixed paraffin embedded renal biopsy specimens (34 cases of pauci-immune type and 17 cases of immune-mediated type), the following antigens were evaluated by immunoperoxidase method ; the glomerular (intra-capillary and extra-capillary) expression of ICAM-1, deposition of FRA and infiltration of leukocytes bearing beta2 integrins (LFA-1, CR3 and CR4). ICAM-1 was expressed both in extra-capillary and intra-capillary areas in very early stage of crescent formation and was rapidly decreased with the progression of the stage of crescent. Similarly, infiltration of leukocytes bearing beta2 integrins were observed both in extra-capillary and intra-capillary areas in early stage of crescent formation and were rapidly decreased with the progression of the stage of crescent. In pauci-immune type, the extra-capillary expression of ICAM-1 was significantly correlated with extra-capillary infiltration of LFA-1+cells (γ=0.800, p<0.0001) and CR3+cells (γ=0.791, p<0.0001). The extra-capillary deposition of FRA was also significantly correlated with extra-capillary infiltration of CR3+cells (γ=0.685, p<0.001) and CR4+cells (γ=0. 741, p<0.0001). In both types, the intra-capillary expression of ICAM-1 was significantly correlated with intra-capillary infiltration of LFA-1+cells (γ=0.618, p<0.01 and γ=0.754, p<0.05 respectively). These results suggested that ICAM-1/LFA-1 and ICAM-1/CR3 interaction might be involved in both the extra- and intra-capillary infiltration of leukocytes in pauci-immune CrGN. CR3 and CR4 might also function as fibrin/fibrinogen receptors in extra-capillary lesions in this type. On the other hand, only ICAM-1/LFA-1 interaction might be involved only in the intra-capillary infiltration of leukocytes in immune mediated CrGN

都市部女子大学生の栄養摂取状況の推移-半定量的食物摂取頻度調査票を用いた経時的栄養調査の結果-

This paper examines dietary intake over time. Subjects were 6 urban female university students aged 18-19. A diet survey was carried out 12 times between April 2008 and June 2009 at approximately monthly intervals. The subjects\u27 body weight, height were measured and their body mass index(BMI)was calculated each time they filled in Food Frequency Questionnaire Watanabe 65(FFQW65)and recorded all the food they had during the past one month. The researchers processed the data and calculated the estimated energy intakes, the amount of protein, fat and carbohydrate intakes. The estimated energy intakes were categorized and analyzed by food groups, total energy intakes per day, and the energy ingested at each meal. The data showed a significant reduction over time in average amounts of estimated total energy intake per day and estimated energy intake per meal. While the estimated energy intakes of grain, sugar, vegetables, sea food, oil and fat and miso declined significantly, estimated energy intakes of fruits and alcohol significantly increased. There was almost no change in the subjects\u27 average BMI during the entire survey. These results suggest that the trend of dietary intake during the survey was toward lower energy intake. In addition, the subjects tended to shift toward more quick-cooking cheaper materials, and yet, within these limited conditions they tried to consume a more balanced diet. For example, they ate more fruit when their intake of vegetables declined

Follow-up of Osteochondral LFC Injury

Chondral and osteochondral injuries of the femoral condyle are rare, and relatively few cases have been reported. Therefore, the mechanism, treatment, and findings on follow-up of these injuries are not well described. Here, we report the case of an adolescent basketball player who sustained a sports-related traumatic osteochondral injury of the lateral femoral condyle. He was treated with open reduction and internal fixation with the pull-out suture technique. Two years later, he was able to resume sporting activities at his pre-injury level with no symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed survival of the fixed osteochondral fragment and restoration of the congruity of the articular cartilage with no sign of delamination. This report describes the clinical outcome of this osteochondral injury of the lateral femoral condyle as seen on MRI at the 2-year follow-up and discuss the mechanism and treatment of this injury

Three-Dimensional Structure of Connective Tissue Papillae in the Human Gingiva

Three-dimensional structures of connective tissue papillae of the human gingiva were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Specimens were obtained from human cadavers fixed with 10% formaldehyde. The free gingiva, attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa were excised from the incisor, canine and molar regions. They were further fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and treated with 2 N NaOH for 2 weeks at 20°C to remove the epithelium followed by routine specimen preparation methods. Consequently, the connective tissue papillae were observed three-dimensionally and were classified into three types as follows. Type I was an elongated papilla with a pointed tip, which was usually observed in the free gingiva. Type II was a bud-like papilla whose tip was forked into several tips and usually found in the attached gingiva. Type III was a plate-like papilla chiefly located in the alveolar mucosa. In general, pointed elongated papillae (type I) in the free gingiva reduced in height changing into type II apillae towards the attached gingiva, and eventually sparsely distributed changing into type III papillae. These findings were commonly observed both in the upper and lower jaws. Lots of small holes, measuring 10 to 30 ?m in diameter, were observed at the incisor and canine regions. Functional significance and origin of the holes remain unknown