Studies on Citric Acid Concentrations of the Somatic Fluid in Mental Diseases 1. Citric Acid Concentrations of Sera and Cerebrospinal Fluids in Mental Diseases and in Normal Persons

Citric acid conecnetrations in sera and cerebrospinal fluids of various psychotic patients and of normal persons were determined by Natelson's method; and the following results were obtained. Citric acid concentrations in serum: In comparing the citric acid concentrations in sera of various types of schizophrenic patients with that in serum of normal persons, it has been found that in hebephrenic form it is lower than in the normal, while in catatonic form it ranges widely from higher to lower, and in paranoid form it is nearly the same as that in the normal. In depressive form it tends to be lower than that in the normal. A marked decrease in the concentration has been observed both in chronic and deteriorated schizophrenia as well as in stupor, whereas a marked increase can be recognized in excited state. Citric acid concentration in cerebrospinal fluid: Citric acid concentration in cerebrospinal fluid has been found to be 2 or 3 times that in serum; and the value in the cerebrospinal fluid of lumbar region is greater than that in cerbral region. The concentration in the cases such as cerebrovascular disease and postlobotomy cases show an increase, whereas in hydroce-phalus it is slightly lower

Studies on Citric Acid Concentrations of the Somatic Fluid in Mental Diseases 3. Changes of Citric Acid Concentration in Blood of Psychoses Submitted to Various Treatments

1) In the cases who received electroshock treatment, a rapid increase in the citric acid concentration of blood has been recognized, showing on the average an increase of 30 to 40 per cent, with the maximum of 80 per cent. However, the value returns to the pretreatment level after one and a half hours to two hours, but no marked change in the citric acid concentration can be recognized in urine. 2) In the cases given insulin shocks, the citric acid concentration in blood during coma shows a decrease of 20 per cent and shows an increase on regaining consciousness, in the great majority; but there are some cases which do not show the decrease during coma. In the course of insulin treatment the value immediately before the next injection is lower than the normal value. 3) Subcutaneous injection of epinephrine increases the citric acid concentration. However among the schizophrenic and the depressive patients there are some who do not show an increase. 4) Successive adminstration of chlorpromazine decreases the citric acid concentration of blood. When glucose is given to the patients receiving the successive chlorpromazine administration, these patients show responses similar to the abnormal responses observable in the chronic schizophrenic and diabetic patients. 5) Oral adminstration of barbital shows the minimum value of the citric acid concentration in blood two to four hours after the administration

Involvement of intracellular free Ca(2+ )in enhanced release of herpes simplex virus by hydrogen peroxide

BACKGROUND: It was reported that elevation of the intracellular concentration of free Ca(2+ )([Ca(2+)]i) by a calcium ionophore increased the release of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Freely diffusible hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is implied to alter Ca(2+ )homeostasis, which further enhances abnormal cellular activity, causing changes in signal transduction, and cellular dysfunction. Whether H(2)O(2 )could affect [Ca(2+)]i in HSV-1-infected cells had not been investigated. RESULTS: H(2)O(2 )treatment increased the amount of cell-free virus and decreased the proportion of viable cells. After the treatment, an elevation in [Ca(2+)]i was observed and the increase in [Ca(2+)]i was suppressed when intracellular and cytosolic Ca(2+ )were buffered by Ca(2+ )chelators. In the presence of Ca(2+ )chelators, H(2)O(2)-mediated increases of cell-free virus and cell death were also diminished. Electron microscopic analysis revealed enlarged cell junctions and a focal disintegration of the plasma membrane in H(2)O(2)-treated cells. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that H(2)O(2 )can elevate [Ca(2+)]i and induces non-apoptotic cell death with membrane lesions, which is responsible for the increased release of HSV-1 from epithelial cells

Continuous positive airway pressure ameliorated severe pulmonary hypertension associated with obstructive sleep apnea.

A 52-year-old obese woman was admitted to our institution for evaluation of dyspnea and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Polysomnography revealed severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with an apnea hypopnea index of 99.8. Treatment with nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) resulted in correction of daytime hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and near-normalization of pulmonary artery pressure. To our knowledge, this is the most severe case of OSA-associated PH (approximately70 mmHg) reported to date, and it was successfully treated with nocturnal CPAP. This case demonstrates that OSA should be considered and polysomnography performed in all patients with PH, irrespective of severity, and that nocturnal CPAP has therapeutic effects on both OSA and daytime PH.</p

A study on evaluation method of advanced transport information system based on discrete choice analysis

Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technolog

頭皮皮膚血管肉腫に対する根治的な寡分割高線量放射線治療の実行可能性と有効性の検討

Cutaneous angiosarcoma is a rare but highly aggressive vascular tumor resistant to all treatment modalities available. The aim of this study was to analyze the treatment outcomes of patients who received definitive hypofractionated high-dose radiotherapy (RT) for angiosarcoma of the scalp. Between April 2008 and December 2014, 11 patients with histologically proven cutaneous angiosarcoma of the scalp visited our Department of Radiation Oncology, because dermatologists suggested that there was no indication for surgery in those cases. One patient rejected all radical treatments and the other 10 patients were treated by RT with curative intent along with chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Eight patients were treated with 6 - 12 MeV electron beams and the other 2 patients were treated with 4 MV X-ray Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and electron beams. The total irradiated dose was 63 - 75 Gy (median: 72.5 Gy) in 26 - 30 fractions, and the fraction size was 2.5 Gy in principle. The median age of the patients treated with RT was 80 years old (range: 73 - 91) and the median follow-up time was 16.5 months (range: 5.6 - 86.3). Four patients are still alive. A complete response (CR) was achieved in 10 patients (100%) and only one patient suffered local relapse 20 months after RT. Medians of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and local relapse-free survival (LRFS) were 38.7, 13.4, and 19.8 months, respectively. Local control rates were 100 and 75% at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Skin ulceration was CTCAE grade 2 in 5 patients (50%) and grade 3 in 5 (50%), alopecia was grade 2 in all patients (100%), but no patient developed grade 4 or more severe adverse events after RT. Hypofractionated high-dose RT was feasible and achieved excellent local control of cutaneous angiosarcoma in the elderly patients.博士（医学）・甲第646号・平成28年3月15日Copyright: © 2015 Shimoda E. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.The definitive version is available at " http://clinmedjournals.org/articles/ijccr/international-journal-of-cancer-and-clinical-research-ijccr-2-032.php?jid=ijccr

Bilateral Ovarian Tumors on MRI : How Should We Differentiate the Lesions?

Background: We investigated the distinguishing pathological features of bilateral ovarian tumors using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Methods: Eighty-six patients with bilateral ovarian tumors on MR imaging were evaluated. The pathological diagnosis was investigated, and the results were subjected to statistical analysis using Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher’s exact test, Chi-squared test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to determine the features useful for the differentiation of distinct types of lesions. Results: The diagnosis of bilateral ovarian tumors was confirmed in eighty-one patients and the majority of the lesions were further classified into serous carcinoma (n = 36), mature teratoma (n = 20) and metastasis (n = 12). We assessed the existence of factors useful for the MR imaging differentiation between metastasis and serous carcinoma or primary malignant ovarian tumors. Cancer antigen (CA) 125 serum level and maximum tumor diameter were significantly different between metastasis and serous carcinoma and similarly, between metastasis and primary malignant ovarian tumors. MR imaging morphology, ascites and peritoneal implants did not show any significant difference between the different types of lesions. Conclusion: Within our patient cohort, most bilateral ovarian tumor lesions were determined to be serous carcinoma, mature teratoma or metastasis. CA 125 serum level and maximum tumor diameter are useful markers for the differentiation between metastasis and serous carcinoma or primary malignant ovarian tumors