Analisis Transmisi Harga Dunia Kakao Biji ke Tingkat Petani Desa Simpang II Kecamatan Simpang Raya Kabupaten Banggai Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah

The aims of this study were to identify the form of price relationship at different level of cocoa bean markets from the world market to the farmer market, to analyse the integration of the cocoa bean markets, and to analyse the transmission elasticity of cacao bean price. The location of this study was purposively selected. Sampling technique used was simple random sampling. There were 30 farmers interviewed. Analysis model used was regression and correlation analysis. Results of the analysis showed that the form of price relationship between the world market and the farmer market depend on market structures. These relationships involved some market levels, from the world markets, Indonesian markets, Palu central market, regency market to farmer market. Results of the analysis on the form of cacao bean price relationship between the world market and the farmer market was positive and significant. Integration of world cacao bean markets and farmer markets in Simpang II village was strong and significant. This was indicated by a high correlation value, in average r = 0.895. Regression coefficient (β) was less than one which means that the trasmission elasticity of cacao bean prices from the world markets to farmer markets was inelastic. Therefore, market structures formed was unfully competitive markets. However, the transmission elasticity of the cacao bean price was still high

Hybrid EEFIT mission to february 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence

The southwestern part of Türkiye was hit on 6 February 2023 by an Mw 7.8 (epicentre:Pazarcık) and then an Mw 7.5 earthquake (epicentre: Elbistan). The event was followed by tensof thousands of aftershocks including the Mw 6.3 event on 20 February (epicentre: Uzunbağ).This paper reports on the preliminary findings of the mission organised by the UK’s EarthquakeEngineering Field Investigation Team (EEFIT) to the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake sequence ofFebruary 2023. This mission followed a hybrid model, combining field and remote investigationtechniques, to investigate the characteristics of the earthquake sequence, its impact on buildingsand infrastructure, as well as the efficacy of relief, response and recovery operations. The keymessages include that the building stock is hard to categorise which brings along difficulties withdamage assessment, that the recovery and reconstruction require multi-sectoral engagement ofkey stakeholders, and that the auditing and quality control mechanisms within the constructionindustry need revisiting in the way forward for better disaster resilience in Türkiye

Strong Association of 677 C>T Substitution in the MTHFR Gene with Male Infertility - A Study on an Indian Population and a Meta-Analysis

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is an important enzyme of folate and methionine metabolism, making it crucial for DNA synthesis and methylation. The objective of this study was to analyze MTHFR gene 677C>T polymorphism in infertile male individuals from North India, followed by a meta-analysis on our data and published studies.We undertook genotyping on a total of 837 individuals including well characterized infertile (N = 522) and confirmed fertile (N = 315) individuals. The SNP was typed by direct DNA sequencing. Chi square test was done for statistical analysis. Published studies were searched using appropriate keywords. Source of data collection for meta-analysis included 'Pubmed', 'Ovid' and 'Google Scholar'. Those studies analyzing 677C>T polymorphism in male infertility and presenting all relevant data were included in meta-analysis. The genotype data for infertile subjects and fertile controls was extracted from each study. Chi square test was done to obtain odds ratio (OR) and p-value. Meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-analysis software (Version 2). The frequency of mutant (T) allele (p = 0.0025) and genotypes (CT+TT) (p = 0.0187) was significantly higher in infertile individuals in comparison to fertile controls in our case-control study. The overall summary estimate (OR) for allele and genotype meta-analysis were 1.304 (p = 0.000), 1.310 (p = 0.000), respectively, establishing significant association of 677C>T polymorphism with male infertility.677C>T substitution associated strongly with male infertility in Indian population. Allele and genotype meta-analysis also supported its strong correlation with male infertility, thus establishing it as a risk factor

Radiotherapy Suppresses Angiogenesis in Mice through TGF-βRI/ALK5-Dependent Inhibition of Endothelial Cell Sprouting

BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy is widely used to treat cancer. While rapidly dividing cancer cells are naturally considered the main target of radiotherapy, emerging evidence indicates that radiotherapy also affects endothelial cell functions, and possibly also their angiogenic capacity. In spite of its clinical relevance, such putative anti-angiogenic effect of radiotherapy has not been thoroughly characterized. We have investigated the effect of ionizing radiation on angiogenesis using in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro experimental models in combination with genetic and pharmacological interventions. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we show that high doses ionizing radiation locally suppressed VEGF- and FGF-2-induced Matrigel plug angiogenesis in mice in vivo and prevented endothelial cell sprouting from mouse aortic rings following in vivo or ex vivo irradiation. Quiescent human endothelial cells exposed to ionizing radiation in vitro resisted apoptosis, demonstrated reduced sprouting, migration and proliferation capacities, showed enhanced adhesion to matrix proteins, and underwent premature senescence. Irradiation induced the expression of P53 and P21 proteins in endothelial cells, but p53 or p21 deficiency and P21 silencing did not prevent radiation-induced inhibition of sprouting or proliferation. Radiation induced Smad-2 phosphorylation in skin in vivo and in endothelial cells in vitro. Inhibition of the TGF-beta type I receptor ALK5 rescued deficient endothelial cell sprouting and migration but not proliferation in vitro and restored defective Matrigel plug angiogenesis in irradiated mice in vivo. ALK5 inhibition, however, did not rescue deficient proliferation. Notch signaling, known to hinder angiogenesis, was activated by radiation but its inhibition, alone or in combination with ALK5 inhibition, did not rescue suppressed proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that irradiation of quiescent endothelial cells suppresses subsequent angiogenesis and that ALK5 is a critical mediator of this suppression. These results extend our understanding of radiotherapy-induced endothelial dysfunctions, relevant to both therapeutic and unwanted effects of radiotherapy

Effect of oxidized fibrinogen on hemostatic system: In vitro study

Standard coagulation assays were performed with control and oxidized fibrinogen (Fg), using prothrombin time (PT; 12.5+ 0.4 vs 25+ 0.8 seconds, P <.001) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT; 33+ 2.5 vs 63+ 4.7 seconds, P <.001). Fibrin clot (MA), clot formation initiation (r), and rate of clot lysis (LY30) were measured, a reflection exposure of Fg to Fe3þ/ ascorbate oxidative system by thrombelastograph (TEG) analysis (0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours, 6.2 + 1.3 vs 5.5 + 1.2, 4.3 + 1.0 [P <.01], 3.9 + 1.6, 3.2 + 0.8, [P <.001]). Maximum amplitude level was found to be lower than control (69.1 + 7.2 vs 67.9+ 12.4, 64.0+ 11.4, 60.2+ 21.2, 42.2+ 15.2, P <.001). The lysis rate was changed according to oxidation time between Fg exposed to Fe3þ/ascorbate and control exposed to Fe3þ/ascorbate for the same treatment time (1.9+ 0.71 vs 7+ 0.5, 1.6+ 0.1, 1.2+ 0.5, 0.9+ 1.3, P <.001). We revealed dysregulation of hemostatic system with contribution of oxidized Fg, which was in direct proportion to the intensity of Fg oxidation