Caractéristiques socio-économiques associées au libre choix et au risque de violences chez les professionnelles du sexe des maisons closes d'Abidjan, côte D'ivoire

National audienc

Prevalence et facteurs associes a l’anemie de l’adolescente dans le district sanitaire de Bouafle en Cote d’ivoire : Prevalence and factors associated with adolescent anemia in the health district of Bouafle in Cote d'Ivoire

Introduction : Les stratégies qui visent à réduire la prévalence de l’anémie impliquent plus les femmes adultes que les adolescentes. Cette étude vise à disposer de données nécessaires à la mise en place d’une stratégie adaptée pour la prévention de cette affection chez l’adolescente.Matériels et Méthode : Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale à visée descriptive et analytique issue d’un échantillonnage par sondage en grappes. Ce sont au total 300 ménages qui ont été enquêtés à raison d’une adolescente par ménage. Le seuil retenu pour définir l’anémie était un taux d’hémoglobine inférieur à 110g/L. le test de Khi deux a été utilisé pour les analyses uni variées et la régression logistique pour les analyses multi variées. Les données ont été traitées à l’aide du logiciel Stata.Résultats : Les adolescentes enquêtées avaient un âge moyen de 14,01 ± 2,6 ans et vivaient majoritairement en milieu rural. Quinze pourcent (15%) avaient une goutte épaisse positive, 20% avaient une ferritinémie basse et 93,7% avaient une hypovitaminose B12. La prévalence de l’anémie était de 67,7 %. Les facteurs explicatifs de cette anémie étaient le jeune âge et la ferritinémie basse. La richesse du ménage était un facteur protecteur contre l’anémie.Conclusion : La prévalence de l’anémie chez l’adolescente est élevée dans le district sanitaire de Bouaflé. Les stratégies de lutte contre cette affection devraient tenir compte de l’âge, de la ferritinémie et du niveau socio économique des ménages de ce district. Introduction: Strategies that aim to reduce the prevalence of anemia involve adult women more than adolescent girls. This study aims to obtain the data necessary for the implementation of an appropriate strategy for the prevention of this disease in adolescents.Materials and Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study based on sample cluster sampling. A total of 300 households were surveyed at the rate of one adolescent per household. The threshold used to define anemia was a hemoglobin level below 110g / L. Chi-square test was used for uni-variate analyzes and logistic regression for multivariate analyzes. Data was processed using Stata software.Results: The adolescent girls surveyed had an average age of 14.01 ± 2.6 years old and lived mainly in rural areas. Fifteen percent (15%) had a positive malaria test, 20% had low serum ferritin, and 93.7% had B12 hypovitaminosis. The prevalence of anemia was 67.7%. The explanatory factors for this anemia were young age and low ferritinemia. Household wealth was a protective factor against anemia.Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in adolescents is high in the health district of Bouaflé. Strategies to control this condition should take into account the age, ferritinemia and socioeconomic level of households in this district

Dog rabies control in West and Central Africa: a review

Rabies is a neglected but preventable zoonotic disease that predominantly affects the most vulnerable populations living in remote rural areas of resource-limited countries. To date, every country on the African mainland is considered endemic for dog-mediated rabies with an estimated 21'500 human rabies deaths occurring each year. In 2018, the United Against Rabies collaboration launched the Global Strategic Plan to end human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030. The epidemiology of rabies from most Western and Central African countries remains poorly defined, making it difficult to assess the overall rabies situation and progress towards the 2030 goal. In this review, we attempt to provide an overview of the current rabies situation in 22 West and Central African countries based on published scientific literature and information obtained from rabies focal points. To this end, information was collected on i) established surveillance, ii) diagnostic capacity, iii) post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) availability and coverage, iv) dog population estimates, v) dog vaccination campaigns, vi) animal and human health communication (One Health), vii) molecular studies, viii) Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP), ix) cost estimates and x) national control strategies. Although rabies is a notifiable disease in the majority of the studied countries, national surveillance systems do not adequately capture the disease. A general lack of rabies diagnostic capacity has an additional negative impact on rabies surveillance and attempts to estimate rabies burden. Recurrent shortages of human rabies vaccine are reported by all of the countries, with vaccine availability usually limited to major urban centers but no country has yet adopted the new WHO-recommended 1-week intradermal vaccination regimen. Most countries carry out subsidized mass dog vaccination campaigns on World Rabies Day. Such activities are indispensable to keep rabies in the public consciousness but are not of the scale and intensity that is required to eliminate rabies from the dog population. Countries will need to scale up the intensity of their campaigns, if they are to progress towards the 2030 goal. But more than half of the countries do not yet have reliable figures on their dog populations. Only two countries reached stage 2 on the Stepwise Approach towards Rabies Elimination ladder - indicating that their national governments have truly prioritized rabies elimination and are thus providing the necessary support and political buy-in required to achieve success. In summary, the sub-region of West and Central Africa seems to be divided into countries which have accepted the challenge to eliminate rabies with governments committed to pushing forward rabies elimination, while other countries have achieved some progress, but elimination efforts remain stuck due to lacking government commitment and financial constraints. The possibility to meet the 2030 goal without international solidarity is low, because more than two-thirds of the countries rank in the low human development group (HDI </= 152). Leading countries should act as role models, sharing their experiences and capacities so that no country is left behind. Unified and with international support it is possible to reach the common goal of zero human rabies deaths by 2030