Shipboard vs. Shoreside Cruise Operations

The cruise industry is a highly complex, but under-researched component of the hospitality industry. This article seeks to explore the paradoxical relationship between shipboard and shore side operations using the McKinsey 7S Framework, thereby providing a foundation for further inquiry. Recommendations are made for practitioners, and ideas are provided for future research

A Constellation of Sorts: Pause, Glean, Repeat, Drift, Wait

My art practice is concerned with the nature of imagesimages which at once inscribe a historical continuity between the past and present, as well as index an inevitable sense of loss and drift. My MFA thesis exhibition, A Constellation of Sorts, is an assemblage of found and family photographs within my personal collection, to be shared and hidden, discontinuous yet whole. Through collecting, story telling, making and folding, my exhibition and thesis support paper reframe and represent fragments of images and thoughts into assembled entities. When one pauses and allows their eyes and mind to wander, these prints and texts may lead to nuanced observation, questioning how we know what we think we know about an image

DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND NUTRIENT CYCLING IN CHESAPEAKE BAY: AN EXAMINATION OF CONTROLS AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL IMPACTS USING RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS AND NUMERICAL MODELS

Hypoxia, or the condition of low dissolved oxygen levels, is a topic of interest throughout aquatic ecology. Hypoxia has both realized and potential impacts on biogeochemical cycles and many invertebrate and vertebrate animal populations; the majority of the impacts being negative. It is apparent that the extent and occurrence of hypoxic conditions has been on the rise globally, despite a handful of reductions due to management success stories. Efforts to curb the development of hypoxia are well underway in many aquatic ecosystems worldwide, where oxygen levels are a key target for water quality management. Long-term increases in the volume of seasonal bottom-water hypoxia have been observed in Chesapeake Bay. Although there is evidence for the occurrence of low oxygen conditions following initial European habitation of the Chesapeake watershed, as well as direct observations of anoxia prior to the mid 20th century large-scale nutrient load increases, it is clear that hypoxic volume has increased over the last 50 years. Surprisingly, the volume of hypoxia observed for a given nutrient load has doubled since the mid-1980s, suggesting the importance of hypoxia controls beyond nutrient loading alone. I conducted a suite of retrospective data analyses and numerical modeling studies to understand the controls on and consequences of hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay over multiple time and space scales. The doubling of hypoxia per unit TN load was associated with an increase in bottom-water inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, suggesting the potential for a positive feedback, where hypoxia-induced increases in N and P recycling support higher summer algal production and subsequent O2 consumption. I applied a two-layer sediment flux model at several stations in Chesapeake Bay, which revealed that hypoxic conditions substantially reduce coupled nitrification-denitrification and phosphorus sorption to iron oxyhydroxides, leading to the elevated sediment-water N and P fluxes that drive this feedback. An analysis of O2 dynamics during the winter-spring indicate that the day of hypoxia onset and the rate of March-May water-column O2 depletion are most strongly correlated to chlorophyll-a concentrations in bottom water; this suggests that the spring bloom drives early season O2 depletion. Metrics of winter-spring O2 depletion were un-correlated with summer hypoxic volumes, however, suggesting that other controls (including physical forcing and summer algal production) are important. I used a coupled hydrodynamic-biogeochemical model for Chesapeake Bay to quantify the extent to which summer algal production is necessary to maintain hypoxia throughout the summer, and that nutrient load-induced increases in hypoxia are driven by elevated summer respiration in the water-column of lower-Bay regions

Customer Satisfaction, Quality in Cruise Industry

Record numbers of passengers are sailing on board cruise ships, with the industry claiming high levels of customer satisfaction. Conversely, little is known about the specific factors which make up customer satisfaction with the cruise experience. The authors examine customer satisfaction data from nearly 15,000 guests of a large U.S. cruise line to determine which aspects of the cruise experience have the greatest impact on overall satisfaction and perceptions of quality

Impact of transforming to conformal Fermi coordinates on quasisingle field non-Gaussianity

In general relativity predictions for observable quantities can be expressed in a coordinate independent way. Nonetheless it may be inconvenient to do so. Using a particular frame may be the easiest way to connect theoretical predictions to measurable quantities. For the cosmological curvature bispectrum such frame is described by the Conformal Fermi Coordinates. In single field inflation it was shown that going to this frame cancels the squeezed limit of the density perturbation bispectrum calculated in Global Coordinates. We explore this issue in quasi single field inflation when the curvaton mass and the curvaton-inflaton mixing are small. In this case, the contribution to the bispectrum from the coordinate transformation to Conformal Fermi Coordinates is of the same order as that from the inflaton-curvaton interaction term but does not cancel it

Impact of transforming to Conformal Fermi Coordinates on Quasi-Single Field Non-Gaussianity

In general relativity predictions for observable quantities can be expressed in a coordinate independent way. Nonetheless it may be inconvenient to do so. Using a particular frame may be the easiest way to connect theoretical predictions to measurable quantities. For the cosmological curvature bispectrum such frame is described by the Conformal Fermi Coordinates. In single field inflation it was shown that going to this frame cancels the squeezed limit of the density perturbation bispectrum calculated in Global Coordinates. We explore this issue in quasi single field inflation when the curvaton mass and the curvaton-inflaton mixing are small. In this case, the contribution to the bispectrum from the coordinate transformation to Conformal Fermi Coordinates is of the same order as that from the inflaton-curvaton interaction term but does not cancel it.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure

What is Innovation in the Hospitality and Tourism Marketplace? A Suggested Research Framework and Outputs Typology

Researchers have pointed to the dearth of innovation studies in the services sector relative to manufacturing (Prajogo, 2006) and some have hypothesized the difficulties in applying product development theories to services (Gallouj, 2002). In this paper, we offer a comprehensive framework for researching innovation in hospitality that comprises drivers of innovation, innovation outputs, and their connections with business performance. The framework synthesizes the research in the manufacturing sector and draws upon the most recent literature in hospitality innovation. Definitions of innovation outputs based on preliminary data from interviews and pilot surveys are summarized. Finally, we submit a typology that may serve as a starting point for academic and practitioner dialogue and suggest that reaching consensus on a typology is critical to advancing new knowledge in a comprehensive manner

The Social Ecology of Child Endangerment

For over a century, the city of Chicago has provided a natural laboratory for research on juvenile delinquency and child neglect and abuse. In an era of increasing globalization, it is easy to overlook the importance of local community context as a major focus of social reform and scientific investigation. A century ago, it was the city rather than the nation-state that was the key site of social agitation, political mobilization, and governmental action (Rodgers 1998). Chicago, in particular, became a symbol of the destiny of modern society. It was at ground zero when the forces of industrialization and immigration first hit the great cities, uprooting traditional rural communities and accelerating the spread of a highly complex and differentiated pattern of urban settlement. The social dislocations stimulated by these transformations made Chicago a leading focus of social reform during the Progressive Era and an important object of sociological investigation after World War I (Ward 1989)

Regularization Scheme Dependence of the Counterterms in the Galaxy Bias Expansion

In this paper we explore how different regularization prescriptions affect the counterterms in the renormalization of the galaxy bias expansion. We work in the context of primordial local non-Gaussianity including non-linear gravitational evolution. We carry out the one-loop renormalization of the field $\delta_\rho^2$ (i.e. the square of the matter overdensity field) up to third order in gravitational evolution. Three regularization schemes are considered and their impact on the values of the counterterms is studied. We explicitly verify that the coefficients of the non-boost invariant operators are regularization scheme independent.Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures. Corrected few typos. The article is now updated to match the journal versio