577 research outputs found
Gender and sexuality in non-traditionally female work: an intersectional analysis of the experience of women in different occupational groups in the UK construction and transport industries
PhDIntersectionality is a much-debated concept within gender and race studies, but there are
few empirical studies that operationalise the concept in examining work organisations
and occupational careers. This thesis applies an intersectional analysis to a study of the
UK construction and transport sectors exploring how gender, sexuality and occupational
class shape womenās work experiences. Sexuality is one of the least explored
intersections, in particular its interaction with class; additionally the thesis addresses
gaps in research evidence concerning the experience of women in non-professional
occupations in construction and transport.
In seeking to avoid prioritising either structure or agency, the research employs a multilevel
framework (Layder, 1993) that addresses several dimensions of womenās
experience of male-dominated work: the current policy context; womenās choices and
identifications in relation to traditionally male occupations; gendered, sexualised and
classed workplace interactions; participation in separate support networks and trade
union structures; and the interaction of domestic circumstances with work participation.
The multi-strategy qualitative methodology includes 50 interviews with key experts and
heterosexual and lesbian women working in professional/managerial and nonprofessional
occupations in the construction and transport sectors, plus two focus
groups with women workers in construction and observation of events to raise
awareness of non-traditional work.
This intersectional approach permits consideration of both advantage and disadvantage
and questions cumulative conceptions that presume, for example, that gender and
sexuality compound to disadvantage lesbians at work. The contribution of this thesis is
to reveal the circumstances in which sexuality, occupational class or gender is most
salient in shaping work identity or experience, together with the ways they interact.
Thus sexualised workplace interactions could at times be avoided by open lesbians, but
all women were at risk of sexual or homophobic harassment, although it was more
prevalent in the workplaces of non-professional women. Interviewees also highlighted
benefits of male-dominated occupations, including increased gendered self-confidence
from doing āmenās workā, and material pay advantages, particularly for nonprofessionals,
which in some cases produced a shift in the domestic division of labour
within households
To Hear or Not to Hear: How āBest Interestā Determinations Can Help in the Cochlear Implant Debate
The Problems and Experiences of Ethnic Minority and Migrant Workers in Hotels and Restaurants in England
While working conditions in hotels and restaurants are known to consist of low pay, low status, exploitation of employees and lack of unionisation, little has been written in the UK about the specific experiences of ethnic minority and migrant workers. The article is based on research into the problems and experiences of ethnic minority and migrant workers in hotels and restaurants in three regions of England, consisting of in-depth interviews with 50 ethnic minority and migrant workers, plus additional key informant interviews. It argues that issues such as low pay, long hours, bullying, racial harassment, lack of opportunities for promotion and discrimination are problems affected by, or compounded by, respondents' ethnic backgrounds or migrant status. The article concludes that three key factors serve to differentiate the experience of ethnic minority and migrant workers in the sector: immigration status; working in the informal sector; discrimination in the labour market and employmen
Making reflexive legislation work: Stakeholder engagement and public procurement in the Public Sector Equality Duty
Addressing discrimination in the workplace on multiplegrounds: The experience of trade union equality reps
An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Roadside Instruction in Teaching Children with Visual Impairments Street Crossings
An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Roadside Instruction in Teaching Children with Visual Impairments Street Crossings
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Union equality structures and the challenge of democratic legitimacy: the case of the Fire Brigades Union
This article examines two commonly adopted trade union strategies to increase the representation of under-represented groups ā first, reserved seats on union decision-making bodies and second, self-organisation, involving separate structures. It does so through the case of the Fire Brigades Union (FBU), whose equality reforms were considered remarkable within the union movement and fire service due to the unionās small size and highly male-dominated, white membership. However, reserved seats at senior levels were later removed following objection on the grounds of democratic legitimacy. The article examines this decision using original data comparing UK union rules for additional representation. It exposes the tensions for small, male-dominated unions of reconciling Youngās theoretical principles of āgroup-differentiated democracyā with the realities of perceived democratic legitimacy, and argues that progress on union equality is contingent on both the particular forms of democratic representation and the political and industrial context
Demographic and socio-economic risk factors associated with self-reported TB
BACKGROUND : The infectiousness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known to be shaped by the human environment, with research showing positive associations with poverty, homelessness and overcrowding, among other factors. In this study, the focus is primarily on environmental health risks for TB, particularly on those associated with sociodemographic and household living conditions in South Africa. METHODS : Data for this study were collected between 2014 and 2019 from a number of sites implementing community-oriented primary care (COPC) in the Gauteng Province of the country. Community health workers (CHWs) used AitaHealthtm, a custom-built mobile information management application, to obtain data on the TB status and environmental conditions of households. Statistical models were used to determine associations between various demographic, socio-economic and environmental risk factors, and TB. RESULTS : Approximately 12,503 TB cases were reported among 7,769 households. Substance use and male-headed households were found to have significant associations in households with at least one individual with TB. Overcrowding, as well as lack of access to piped water and adequate sanitation were also found to be positively associated with a 'TB-household. CONCLUSION : Improvements in housing and services, particularly the provision of piped water and reticulated flush toilets, are needed to control and prevent TB in South Africa.https://theunion.org/our-work/journals/ijtldhj2023Family MedicineGeography, Geoinformatics and Meteorolog
The influence of linguistic experience on the cognitive processing of pitch in speech and nonspeech sounds.
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