Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı

Bu araştırmada üniversite öğrencilerinin akıllı telefon bağımlılık düzeyleri çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmiştir. Araştırma 2018-2019 öğrenim yılında Orta Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki bir üniversitede 1241 üniversite öğrenci üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın verileri Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeği ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Günlük yaşamı bozma ve tolerans alt boyutu puan ortalamaları ile cinsiyet değişkeni arasında anlamlı fark olduğu bulunmuştur. Annesi ve babası lise ve üstü eğitim alanların akıllı telefon bağımlılığı alt boyut puan ortalamalarının yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Akıllı telefon kullanma süresi ve harçlık miktarı ile akıllı telefon bağımlılığı puanı arasında pozitif yönde doğrusal ve istatistiksel düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki, yaş ile akıllı telefon bağımlılığı düzeyi arasında doğrusal ilişki olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular literatür eşliğinde karşılaştırmalı olarak tartışılmıştır

Effect of Supplementary Cyan Light to Deep Red and Royal Blue Range Wavelengths on the Seedling Period of Iceberg Lettuces

In this article, effect of cyan (≈500 nm) light on the plant growth as a supplementary light source to common deep red (≈660 nm) and royal blue (≈440) lights is examined. For this purpose, a 4-floor shelf was prepared containing Vernalia type iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds. Carbon dioxide content of air, soil moisture, air humidity, environment temperature, water, pH, electrical conductivity, fertilizer and nutrient contents were controlled at desired values; being same for the whole system. Second and third floors were lighted 18 hours a day, with the same photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 360 μmol m-2 s-1. Third floor’s lighting was composed of 65% deep red and 35% royal blue lights. Second floor’s lighting was composed of 55% deep red, 25% royal blue and 20% cyan lights. First floor was lighted with sunlight, in order to make a comparison with natural lighting. Fourth floor contained the necessary control equipment. The experiment lasted for 15 days to analyse only the seedling period. The experiment results showed that, addition of cyan light to conventional red and blue grow lightings allowed the plants to grow 14% more by stem system. Also, cyan light provided a stronger root development and higher leaf area; which would indicate a higher product yield in the vegetative period. Keywords: Cyan light, artificial lighting, plant growth conditions, seedling period, lettuce, greenhouse efficiency, green light DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/9-10-11 Publication date:May 31st 201

Ankara Koşullarında Organik Tarım Sisteminde Kullanılan Farklı Materyallerin Domates ve Mısır Münavebe Sisteminde Toprak Özelliklerine Etkisi

Bu araştırma 2002-2008 yılları arasında TGSMAE de yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada H 2274 domates çeşidi ile kompozit mısır çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Deneme yeşil gübreli, yeşil gübresiz olarak çakılı tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Yeşil gübre olarak adi fiğ (Vicia sativa L.) kullanılmıştır. Denemede organik tarım sisteminde kullanılan materyallerin domates ve mısır münavebe sisteminde toprakların fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik özellikleri üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. organik materyal olarak sığır gübresi (SG), tavuk gübresi(TG), Koyun gübresi ve kompost kullanılmıştır. Optimum gübre olarak uygulamada önce amonyum sülfat, daha sonra amonyum nitrat ve fosforlu gübre olarak DAP gübresi kullanılmıştır. Domates ve mısır verim sonuçları incelendiğinde, en düşük verimi kontrol parsellerinde elde edilirken mısırda en yüksek verim optimum gübre, koyun gübhresi ve kompost uygulamalarında alınmıştır. Domates denemelerinde ise en yüksek verim optimum gübre, tavuk gübresi ve koyun gübresi uygulamalarında elde edilmiştir. Toprakların kimyasal özellikleri üzerine etkileri bakıldığında istatistik anlamda bir fark gözlemlenmemiştir

Natalizumab, Fingolimod and Dimethyl Fumarate Use and Pregnancy-Related Relapse and Disability in Women With Multiple Sclerosis

To investigate pregnancy-related disease activity in a contemporary multiple sclerosis (MS) cohort

Association of Initial Disease-Modifying Therapy With Later Conversion to Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.

IMPORTANCE: Within 2 decades of onset, 80% of untreated patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) convert to a phase of irreversible disability accrual termed secondary progressive MS. The association between disease-modifying treatments (DMTs), and this conversion has rarely been studied and never using a validated definition. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between the use, the type of, and the timing of DMTs with the risk of conversion to secondary progressive MS diagnosed with a validated definition. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Cohort study with prospective data from 68 neurology centers in 21 countries examining patients with relapsing-remitting MS commencing DMTs (or clinical monitoring) between 1988-2012 with minimum 4 years' follow-up. EXPOSURES: The use, type, and timing of the following DMTs: interferon beta, glatiramer acetate, fingolimod, natalizumab, or alemtuzumab. After propensity-score matching, 1555 patients were included (last follow-up, February 14, 2017). MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE: Conversion to objectively defined secondary progressive MS. RESULTS: Of the 1555 patients, 1123 were female (mean baseline age, 35 years [SD, 10]). Patients initially treated with glatiramer acetate or interferon beta had a lower hazard of conversion to secondary progressive MS than matched untreated patients (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.61-0.81; P < .001; 5-year absolute risk, 12% [49 of 407] vs 27% [58 of 213]; median follow-up, 7.6 years [IQR, 5.8-9.6]), as did fingolimod (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.22-0.62; P < .001; 5-year absolute risk, 7% [6 of 85] vs 32% [56 of 174]; median follow-up, 4.5 years [IQR, 4.3-5.1]); natalizumab (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.43-0.86; P = .005; 5-year absolute risk, 19% [16 of 82] vs 38% [62 of 164]; median follow-up, 4.9 years [IQR, 4.4-5.8]); and alemtuzumab (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.32-0.85; P = .009; 5-year absolute risk, 10% [4 of 44] vs 25% [23 of 92]; median follow-up, 7.4 years [IQR, 6.0-8.6]). Initial treatment with fingolimod, alemtuzumab, or natalizumab was associated with a lower risk of conversion than initial treatment with glatiramer acetate or interferon beta (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.44-0.99; P = .046); 5-year absolute risk, 7% [16 of 235] vs 12% [46 of 380]; median follow-up, 5.8 years [IQR, 4.7-8.0]). The probability of conversion was lower when glatiramer acetate or interferon beta was started within 5 years of disease onset vs later (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.98; P = .03; 5-year absolute risk, 3% [4 of 120] vs 6% [2 of 38]; median follow-up, 13.4 years [IQR, 11-18.1]). When glatiramer acetate or interferon beta were escalated to fingolimod, alemtuzumab, or natalizumab within 5 years vs later, the HR was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.66-0.88; P < .001; 5-year absolute risk, 8% [25 of 307] vs 14% [46 of 331], median follow-up, 5.3 years [IQR], 4.6-6.1). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients with relapsing-remitting MS, initial treatment with fingolimod, alemtuzumab, or natalizumab was associated with a lower risk of conversion to secondary progressive MS vs initial treatment with glatiramer acetate or interferon beta. These findings, considered along with these therapies' risks, may help inform decisions about DMT selection.This study was financially supported by National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (fellowships 1140766 and 1080518, project grants 1129189 and 1083539), the University of Melbourne (Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences research fellowship), a Next Generation Fellowship funded by the Grand Charity of the Freemason’s (recipient JWLB), and the MSBase 2017 Fellowship (recipient JWLB). Alemtuzumab studies done in Cambridge were supported by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and the MS Society UK

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo

Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension

The great student project of Turkey

Bu araştırma, ilk defa 1992 yılında uygulanmaya başlanan ve günümüze kadar akraba ve komşu ülkelerden Türkiye ye yükseköğretim görmek üzere burslu öğrenci getiren Büyük Öğrenci Projesi?nin tanıtımına katkı sağlamak ve aynı zamanda projenin etkinliğini ve verimliliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada, Büyük Öğrenci Projesi kapsamında Türkiye ye yükseköğrenim için gelen öğrencilerin niyet mektupları ve bu öğrencilere yönelik yapılan anket çalışmalarından yararlanılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada mülakat değerlendirmelerine yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın başında öğrenci değişim programlarının kısa tarihçesi, öğrenci değişim programının dünyadaki uygulamalar incelenmiştir. Büyük Öğrenci Projesi nin, mevcut durumu ve koordinatör kurum görevinden bahsedilmiştir. Yabancı öğrencilerin niyet mektupları incelenirken Türkiye algıları irdelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda ise öğrenci seçme ve yerleştirme süreci ile öğretim sürecinde yaşanan sorunlara değinilmiş ve bu sorunlara cevap aranmıştır. Çalışmanın Türkiye nin eğitim alanında ilk ve tek dış politikası ürünü olan Büyük öğrenci projesinin hedefleri ve ulaşılan noktanın tespiti açısından yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir.This study applied and made use of the surveys which carried out with the students who came to Turkey for higher education. This study also contains interviews and evaluations. In this study, first the brief history of student exchange programs and their practices in the world are examined. Thereafter, current situation of Great Student Project and position and mission of new-established coordinating institution (Precidency for Turks and Related Communities) are discussed. And finally, the selection and placement of students and problems in this process were handled and tried to get answers to the mentioned issue