1971 Corn Blight Watch Experiment Data Processing, Analysis, and Interpretation

The nature of the Corn Blight Watch Experiment and available resources to conduct the experiment dictated that there be several centers of activity supporting the overall objectives. Mr. Robert MacDonald described in an attached paper the experiment overview and participants. Dr. Marvin Bauer described the corn blight problem. In other attached papers Mr. Richard Allen discussed the sampling model and ground data measurements program while Mr. Ronald Blilie presented the aircraft data acquisition for the experiment. In this paper the Corn Blight Watch Experiment will be described from the point of view of data processing, analysis, and interpretation procedures. Data availability will be illustrated by discussing the data flow for the experiment and the data catalog system. Descriptions of the analysis procedures, a storage and retrieval system called the Corn Blight Record, and a capability for results summarization will be presented to show the methods used in obtaining the results discussed in Dr. Christian Johannsen\u27s paper

Surf zone currents and influence on surfability

Surfing headlands are shallow and exposed coastal features that provide a specific form of breaking wave allowing a board-rider to ride on the unbroken wave face. The seabed shape and refraction of the waves in relation to depth contours provide the greatest influence on the quality of the surf break. The large scale and orientation of the Raglan headland allows only the low frequency swells to refract around the headland to create seven different surfing breaks. Each represents a compartmentalization of the shoreline along the headland. This creates variability in wave and current characteristics depending on the orientation and bathymetry at different locations. This provides not only potential access points through the surf-zone (ie: smaller currents), but greater surfability in a range of conditions that is not possible on small scale headlands. Headlands with surfing waves can be classified as mis-aligned sections of the coast, where the higher oblique angle of the breaking surf generates strong wave-driven currents. These currents are far greater than that found on coastlines in equilibrium with the dominant swell direction, where comparatively insignificant longshore drift is found. The strength and direction of wave-driven currents in the surf zone can influence the surfability of a break. At a surfing headland strong currents flowing downdrift along the shoreline make it difficult for a paddling surfer to get to the "take-off" location of the break, or maintain position in the line-up. In comparison currents flowing updrift along headlands makes getting "out the back" relatively easy, although surfers can be taken out to sea past the "take-off" point by a fast flowing current. Field experiments at Raglan, on the west coast of New Zealand have been conducted to measure current speed and direction during a large swell event. Observations of surfers attempting to paddle through the breaking-wave zone, confirms the strength of the wave-driven currents with surfers being swept rapidly down the headland. Results from the experiments at Raglan, have shown strong currents in the inshore breaking wave zone with burst-averaged velocities attaining 0.8 ms-1, and maximum bed orbital velocities of up to 2.0 ms-1. Interestingly, further offshore the currents have been found to flow in a re-circulating gyre back up the headland. Comparisons are made from observations of waves and currents found at other surfing headlands around the world. The effect that strong currents may have on the surfability of artificial surfing reefs needs to be considered in the design process, if the surfing amenity is to be maximised for large surf conditions

A Projective C*-Algebra Related to K-Theory

The C*-algebra qC is the smallest of the C*-algebras qA introduced by Cuntz in the context of KK-theory. An important property of qC is the natural isomorphism of K0 of D with classes of homomorphism from qC to matrix algebras over D. Our main result concerns the exponential (boundary) map from K0 of a quotient B to K1 of an ideal I. We show if a K0 element is realized as a homomorphism from qC to B then its boundary is realized as a unitary in the unitization of I. The picture we obtain of the exponential map is based on a projective C*-algebra P that is universal for a set of relations slightly weaker than the relations that define qC. A new, shorter proof of the semiprojectivity of qC is described. Smoothing questions related the relations for qC are addressed.Comment: 11 pages. Added a result about the boundary map in K-theor

Hall mobility enhancement caused by annealing of Si0.2Ge0.8/Si0.7Ge0.3/Si(001) p-type modulation-doped heterostructures

The effect of post-growth furnace thermal annealing (FTA) on the Hall mobility and sheet carrier density measured at 9–300 K in the Si0.2Ge0.8/Si0.7Ge0.3/Si(001) p-type modulation-doped heterostructures was studied. FTA treatments in the temperature range of 600–900 °C for 30 min were performed on similar heterostructures but with two Si0.2Ge0.8 channel thicknesses. The annealing at 600 °C is seen to have a negligible effect on the Hall mobility as well as on the sheet carrier density. Increases in the annealing temperature resulted in pronounced successive increases of the mobility. For both samples the maximum Hall mobility was observed after FTA at 750 °C. Further increases of the annealing temperature resulted in a decrease in mobility. The sheet carrier density showed the opposite behavior with an increase in annealing temperature. The mechanism causing this behavior is discussed. Structural characterization of as-grown and annealed samples was done by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy

Sebastian Barry’s Portrayal of History’s Marginalised People

This paper addresses two groups of novels by Sebastian Barry and discusses his treatment of characters who have been marginalized by the dominant Irish historical narrative, based on the stories of members of his own family and argues that Barry’s aim is not to produce a revisionist account of Irish history or justify minority positions. It is rather to present the plight of often isolated individuals and to reveal the complexity of the situations in which they find themselves. The paper uses recent theoretical writing on individual and collective memory and the relationship between memory and history.

Introduction

The articles in this special edition of Transtext(e)s were all originally presented as papers at Cultures in Transit, the first conference of the Institute of Transcultural and Diasporic Studies, held at Liverpool Hope University in July 2008. The broad theme of the conference produced an extraordinary variety of discussions both in terms of geographical range and methodological approach, and something of that diversity is represented in this volume. This collection is predicated on the assum..