Data for Costly Infedility in Evolution

This is the data file included the data used in the article "Costly infidelity: Low lifetime fitness of extra-pair offspring in a passerine bird" in Evolutio

shorebird_subspecies

This file contains breeding system, breeding range size, subspecies richness and migratory behaviour information for 136 shorebird species. This is the datafile used to test the hypotheses described in the paper using a PGLS approach implemented in R

Relative rate of adaptation (R_A) in the 10 populations.

<p>Dots represent posterior mode estimates and lines the 95% confidence interval. The dotted black line at 0.75 represents the geometric mean of all populations while the dotted grey line at 1 shows the case of no effect of genetic correlations. Population number refers to the numbers given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0090444#pone-0090444-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

Summary of basic information for each population: Means and standard deviations for each trait.

<p>Measurements are in millimetres (mm) and mass in grams (g).</p

Comparison of evolvabilities in the direction of selection (e_β, black symbols) and average evolvabilities in random directions of phenotypic space

<p>(<b>, grey symbols).</b> Dotted lines represent the average value over the ten populations. Population number refers to the numbers given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0090444#pone-0090444-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

Percentage of variance along g_max and value of the first eigenvalue (×100) with 95% confidence intervals, and loading of the four morphological traits on g_max.

<p>Percentage of variance along g_max and value of the first eigenvalue (×100) with 95% confidence intervals, and loading of the four morphological traits on g_max.</p

Estimates of directional and non-linear selection gradients for the Red-billed gull, Great reed warbler, and the two Barn swallow populations with their 95% confidence intervals.

<p>In bold are the estimates significantly different from zero. || β || is the norm of the directional selection gradient. Note that the quadratic coefficients are not doubled in this table.</p

Estimates of directional and non-linear selection gradients for the three Blue tit populations with their 95% confidence intervals.

<p>In bold are the estimates significantly different from zero. || β || is the norm of the directional selection gradient. Note that the quadratic coefficients are not doubled in this table.</p

Measures of constraints on response to selection for two traits, z₁ and z₂.

<p>G is represented by the ellipse, g_max is the first eigenvector of G, β is the vector of directional selection, and Δz_g is the response to selection calculated from the multivariate breeder's equation in the presence of genetic correlations. e_β, the multivariate evolvability, is the projection of the response to selection on β. θ_gmax is the angle between g_max and β. Redrawn from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0090444#pone.0090444-Hansen1" target="_blank">[12]</a>.</p

Rate of adaptation, evolvability and orientation of genetic variance relative to selection gradients (β) for ten bird populations.

<p>The relative rate of adaptation R_A is calculated according to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0090444#pone.0090444.e004" target="_blank">eq (2)</a> and compares the rate of adaptation in the presence and the absence of genetic correlations. If the rate of adaptation is lower than 1, genetic correlations slow down adaptation. For each population the proportion of support of the posterior distribution (PS) for the hypothesis of R_A<1 is also given. In bold are shown significant estimates where the posterior distribution supports the hypothesis by at least 95%. Multivariate evolvability (×100), the amount of predicted response occurring exactly in the direction of selection was calculated according to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0090444#pone.0090444.e011" target="_blank">eq (4)</a>. Average evolvability (×100), the average evolvability in random direction of phenotypic space was calculated according to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0090444#pone.0090444.e012" target="_blank">eq (5)</a>. The angles between selection gradients and g_max (θ_gmax) were calculated according to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0090444#pone.0090444.e013" target="_blank">eq (6)</a>.</p