Measuring Risk Attitudes Controlling for Personality Traits*

Abstract: This study measures risk attitudes using two paid experiments: the Holt and Laury (2002) procedure and a variation of the game show Deal or No Deal. The participants also completed a series of personality questionnaires developed in the psychology literature including the risk domains of Weber, Blais, and Betz (2002). As in previous studies risk attitudes vary within subjects across elicitation methods. However, this variation can be explained by individual personality traits. Specifically, subjects behave as though the Holt and Laury task is an investment decision while the Deal or No Deal task is a gambling decision

The Fate of Porous Hydroxyapatite Granules Used in Facial Skeletal Augmentation

Facial appearance is largely determined by the morphology of the underlying skeleton. Hydroxyapatite is one of several materials available to enhance projection of the facial skeleton. This study evaluated the long-term maintenance of augmented bony projection when porous hydroxyapatite granules are used on the facial skeleton. Ten female patients aged 28–58 years were studied following aesthetic augmentation of the facial skeleton at 24 sites using porous hydroxyapatite granules. Postoperative CT scans at 3 months served as the baseline measurement and compared with scans taken at 1 and 2 years, with the thickness of the hydroxyapatite measured in axial and coronal planes. Thickness of original bone plus overlay of hydroxyapatite, thickness of the overlying soft tissue, and the overall projection (bone plus soft tissue) were recorded. It was found that 99.7% of the hydroxyapatite was maintained at 2 years, with no statistical difference (t test) from the baseline measurement. The overall projection (bony and soft tissue) was maintained as there was no evidence of native bone resorption or soft tissue atrophy. Radiographic results confirmed that the use of porous hydroxyapatite granules for enhancement of the facial skeleton is not only a predictable procedure, but maintains full bony projection at 2 years

Chin Microgenia: A Clinical Comparative Study

Background: The aesthetic relevance of the chin and its relatively simple correction through different approaches make genioplasty one of the most performed aesthetic procedures of the face. Sliding genioplasty is extremely rewarding, particularly when performed as an adjunction to rhinoplasty, rhytidectomy, or jaw surgery. In the scientific literature, many different surgical techniques are described, but the biological implications and the economical impact can shape the surgeon’s decision on which can be the best treatment: surgical correction with osteotomy, chin implants, or with fillers. Objective: The authors propose a decision making protocol for correcting chin microgenia based on a revision of 345 treated cases. Methods: A retrospective review of 345 cases of chin microgenia was undertaken to understand the proper preoperative assessment and therapeutic planning. A total of 135 patients were treated with surgical sliding genioplasty (group A): 60 patients (group B) have been grafted with alloplastic implants and the remaining 150 patients (group C) with hyaluronic acid. We recorded clinical indications, complications, and long-term aesthetic results at 3-year follow-up. Results: The analysis of the results based on the entity of the chin’s sagittal defect, the chin soft-tissue thickness, the patient’s age, and self-judgment allows for simplified treatment planning for sagittal chin deformities showing a greater predictability and a more stable long-term aesthetic result regarding sliding genioplasty compared to alloplastic implant placement and fillers. Conclusions: Our proposal for a simple and versatile protocol of chin microgenia aims to simplify the therapeutic indications for a predictable and a stable long-term aesthetic result. Level of Evidence IIThis journal requires that authorsassign a level of evidence to each article. For a fulldescription of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings,please refer to Table of Contents or the online Instruction