Apery and micro-invariants of a one dimensional Cohen-Macaulay local ring and invariants of its tangent cone

Given a one-dimensional Cohen-Macaulay local ring we compare several sets of invariants (micro-invariants, Apery invariants and invariants of the tangent cone) and give explicit formulas relating them. We show that, in fact, they coincide if and only if the tangent cone of the ring is Cohen-Macaulay. Some explicit computations are also given, particularly in the case of semigroup rings.Comment: 20 page

Architecture for the public sector

Tras diversos y profundos cambios normativos producidos a lo largo de los últimos 50 años, la fórmula para la adjudicación de gran parte de los contratos de redacción de proyecto y dirección de obra de edificación en el sector público español es el concurso. En este periodo de tiempo y de forma progresiva hemos pasado de la “adjudicación directa” al concurso abierto, en consonancia con disposiciones europeas. Desde la entrada en vigor de la Ley 13/1995, de 18 de mayo, de Contratos de las Administraciones Públicas, hito relevante en la aplicación masiva de la fórmula de concurso, hasta el inicio de la actual crisis económica en 2008, se ha producido en España mucha obra pública, y mucha de ella de gran calidad. Ha sido determinante la participación de numerosos profesionales que han visto en el concurso, además de un estímulo, una vía de acceso a encargos profesionales. En este proceso han sido, y aún lo son, varias las cuestiones en debate: la exigibilidad de solvencia técnica o profesional tasada en los procedimientos abiertos y la relevancia de la oferta económica en la adjudicación. Esta última se ha acentuado de forma progresiva, especialmente en el momento en que se reduce de manera drástica la actividad inmobiliaria, tanto en el ámbito público como en el privado. Con todo, desde el punto de vista de la calidad de la arquitectura promovida por las administraciones públicas, la fórmula de concurso ha demostrado su eficacia. El resultado es la suma del esfuerzo sostenido de todos los intervinientes: las administraciones, los profesionales y las empresas. No obstante, es requisito necesario que todos ellos participen de una misma sensibilidad hacia la arquitectura de calidad, especialmente las administraciones públicas contratantes.After diverse and profound regulatory changes, produced throughout the last 50 years, the method for awarding many of the contracts for drafting projects and construction work management in the Spanish public sector is by competition. During this time we have progressively passed from the “direct award” to the open competition, in line with European rules. From the coming into force of Law 13/1995, dated 18 May, on Public Administration Contracts, an important landmark in the massive application of competitions, to the start of the present economic crisis in 2008, many public works took place in Spain, and many of them of high quality. A deciding factor has been the participation of numerous professionals who have viewed the competition not only as a stimulus, but as a road to professional commissions. In this process there have been, and still are, several questions under debate: the enforceability of the technical or professional competence assessed in the open procedures, and the importance of the economic proposal in the award. The latter has been progressively accentuated, especially in the currently stagnant property market, in both the public and private sectors. Yet, from the point of view of the quality of the architecture promoted by the public administrations, the competition has demonstrated its effectiveness. The result is the sum of the sustained effort from all the participants: the administrations, the professionals and the companies. However, it is essential that they all participate with the same sensitivity towards quality architecture, especially the contracting public administrations

Apery and micro-invariants of a one-dimensional Cohen–Macaulay local ring and invariants of its tangent cone

AbstractGiven a one-dimensional equicharacteristic Cohen–Macaulay local ring A, Juan Elias introduced in 2001 the set of micro-invariants of A in terms of the first neighborhood ring. On the other hand, if A is a one-dimensional complete equicharacteristic and residually rational domain, Valentina Barucci and Ralf Fröberg defined in 2006 a new set of invariants in terms of the Apery set of the value semigroup of A. We give a new interpretation for these sets of invariants that allow to extend their definition to any one-dimensional Cohen–Macaulay ring. We compare these two sets of invariants with the one introduced by the authors for the tangent cone of a one-dimensional Cohen–Macaulay local ring and give explicit formulas relating them. We show that, in fact, they coincide if and only if the tangent cone G(A) is Cohen–Macaulay. Some explicit computations will also be given

Influence of magnification on extraction efficiency in laser resonators with non-overlapping beams

The magnification and the Fresnel number determine the mode profile and losses in a bare unstable resonator. Upon inclusion of gain, both the beam pattern and the reflectivity are changed, more than in a stable cavity, because the counter-propagation intensities differ spatially and saturate the amplifier in a way that alters the mode profile, the reflectivity and the conditions of optimal operation. In this paper we present a numerical study of two types of cavities and compute the mode profile and losses in presence of an amplifier that saturates homogeneously. We compare these results with experimental data obtained on a TEA CO2 laser.Fil: González, Martín Germán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Peuriot, Alejandro Luis. Ministerio de Defensa. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa; ArgentinaFil: Garea, María Teresa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Santiago, G.D.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentin

Odrzucenie magicznego rozumienia laski w mysli Ewagriusza z Pontu

In recent years, a growing number of studies have presented - in one way or another - various psychotherapeutic projections of a set of spiritual practices of early Christian monasticism. In an attempt to establish a dialogue between the doctrines of Late Antiquity and contemporary psychotherapy, it could be risky to extrapolate anachronistic terms, questions and discussions that are foreign to the original context of the Early Church Fathers. In order to overcome this difficulty, we will try to elucidate Evagrius Ponticus' model of psychospiritual integration through his particular understanding of the effective relations between grace and nature. This will possibly allow us to translate and understand the current interest in his psycho-spiritual model in the same terms as those in which it was formulated by Evagrius. In his effort to think about how the process of complete healing of man takes place, Evagrius takes up intuitions and ideas from the Hippocratic and Platonic traditions. These traditions disapprove of magic as an act of impiety towards the divine order inscribed in the {greek word presented}. Evagrius follows this fundamental intuition of rejection of magic and sorcery to integrate it into a new Christian synthesis that strives to move away from a magical understanding of the action of grace. Now, as Evagrius moves away from a magical conception of grace, certain theoretical-practical knowledge related to mental and spiritual health can be found in his writings. Evagrius is particularly interested in specifying how grace operates in the cognitive-emotional dynamics that intervene in the healing processes of the soul without contradicting or magically suspending the immanent laws of the {greek word presented}.W ostatnich latach pojawiają się coraz liczniejsze badania, które w taki czy inny sposób przedstawiają różne projekcje psychoterapeutyczne zbioru praktyk duchowych wywodzących się z wczesnochrześcijańskiego monastycyzmu. Należy jednak pamiętać, że próby nawiązania dialogu pomiędzy doktrynami z późnego okresu antycznego a współczesną psychoterapią niosą ze sobą ryzyko związane z ekstrapolacją anachronicznych terminów, pytań i dyskusji, które są obce pierwotnemu kontekstowi Ojców wczesnego Kościoła. Aby przezwyciężyć tę trudność, postaramy się objaśnić model integracji psychiczno-duchowej Ewagriusza z Pontu w oparciu o jego szczególne rozumienie efektywnych relacji między naturą a łaską. Być może pozwoli nam to również przełożyć i zrozumieć obecne zainteresowanie powyższym modelem w tych samych kategoriach, w których sformułował go sam Ewagriusz. W swoich rozważaniach nad tym, jak przebiega proces całkowitego uzdrowienia człowieka, Ewagriusz czerpie z intuicji i idei wywodzących się z tradycji Hipokratesa i Platona. Tradycje te potępiają magię jako akt bezbożności wobec boskiego porządku wpisanego w θύσις. Ewagriusz kieruje się tą fundamentalną intuicją odrzucenia magii i czarów, aby zintegrować swój model z nową chrześcijańską syntezą, w której stara się odejść od magicznego rozumienia działania łaski. W miarę odchodzenia od magicznej koncepcji łaski w pismach Ewagriusza pojawiają się elementy wiedzy praktyczno-teoretycznej dotyczącej zdrowia psychicznego i duchowego. Szczególnie interesuje go określenie, w jaki sposób łaska działa w dynamice poznawczo-emocjonalnej będącej elementem procesów uzdrawiania duszy bez zaprzeczania immanentnym prawom θύσις lub ich magicznego zawieszania.Fil: Vazquez, Santiago Hernán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Filosofía. Centro de Estudios Filosóficos Medievales; ArgentinaFil: Gargiulo, María Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentin

Sexual violence against women in Ecuador: an overview from the rural and indigenous areas of Imbabura

Objectives. Sexual violence against women is a major social problem for governments and institutions. International reports warn about its magnitude and its global nature and findings from Latin America have also confirmed the seriousness of the issue. The objective of this article is to address the problem of sexual violence against women in Ecuador, with emphasis on rural and indigenous areas. Material and methods. The official data offered by the Attorney General of the State of Ecuador is analyzed. Likewise, the qualitative information provided by professionals in the province of Imbabura through interviews and focus groups. Results. Quantitative data shows a very significant increase in the number of crimes of sexual violence against women in practically all the provinces of Ecuador in the past three years. Likewise, from a qualitative perspective, patriarchal culture is very present as one of the causes that explain violence. As for the manifestation of sexual violence, its most frequent form is within partner relationships. However, cases of incest, sexual abuse and aggression against minors within the family environment are also common. Conclusions. Data for disaggregated and specific monitoring of sexual violence in Ecuador is limited. In this regard, the use of qualitative methodology to complement such information is recommended. This study identifies a serious situation both in terms of the prevalence and of the impact of sexual violence in Ecuador. Keywords: sexual violence, Ecuador, abuse, rural areas, violence against women