Regioselective Synthesis of Benzimidazolones via Cascade C–N Coupling of Monosubstituted Ureas

A direct method for the regioselective construction of benzimidazolones is reported wherein a single palladium catalyst is employed to couple monosubstituted urea substrates with differentially substituted 1,2-dihaloaromatic systems. In this method, the catalyst is able to promote a cascade of two discrete chemoselective C–N bond-forming processes that allows the highly selective and predictable formation of complex heterocycles from simple, readily available starting materials.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Award GM58160)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Award GM099817)Lanxess CorporationMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Undergraduate Research Opportunities Progra

Coastal Storm Risk Assessment in Europe: Examples from 9 study sites

To assess coastal storm risks this paper compares existing hazards, associated risks, coastal management plans, and civil protection schemes from nine European countries. An evaluation made of specific study sites concludes that: (a) the definition of coastal hazard or risk varies between countries, regions and sites with no pan-European agreement; (b) existing risk definitions for northern Europe are based on probabilistic approaches and integrate threats to human occupation; this approach is not adopted in southern and eastern European countries; (c) half of the evaluated coastal management plans have a scientific basis with the remainder adopting qualitative or semi-quantitative approaches; (d) strategic approaches, used to define areas of potential occupation, coastal defences etc. are the most common; (e) operational approaches used for major event prediction and response are poorly developed. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate existing best practices in Europe in order to develop standardised coastal risk management for all EU member states

Coastal Storm Risk Assessment in Europe: Examples from 9 study sites

Proceedings of the 10th International Coastal SymposiumInternational audienceTo assess coastal storm risks this paper compares existing hazards, associated risks, coastal management plans, and civil protection schemes from nine European countries. An evaluation made of specific study sites concludes that: (a) the definition of coastal hazard or risk varies between countries, regions and sites with no pan-European agreement; (b) existing risk definitions for northern Europe are based on probabilistic approaches and integrate threats to human occupation; this approach is not adopted in southern and eastern European countries; (c) half of the evaluated coastal management plans have a scientific basis with the remainder adopting qualitative or semi-quantitative approaches; (d) strategic approaches, used to define areas of potential occupation, coastal defences etc. are the most common; (e) operational approaches used for major event prediction and response are poorly developed. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate existing best practices in Europe in order to develop standardised coastal risk management for all EU member states